Product Development Strategy

Item Development Strategy Given the fast changes in purchaser tastes innovation parched rivalry organizations must build up a constant flow of new items and administrations A firm can acquire new items m two different ways. One is through procurement by purchasing an entire organization a patent or a permit to create another person s item The different as through new-item advancement m the organization s own exploration - and-improvement division By new items we mean unique items item upgrades item changes and new brands that the firm creates through its own innovative work endeavors. At the point when an association brings an item into a market they should ask themselves various inquiries. Who is the item focused on? What advantage will they anticipate? How would they intend to situate the item inside the market? What differential bit of leeway will the item offer over their rivals? New items keep on fizzling at an upsetting rate. One source appraises that in excess of 90 percent of every single new item flop in inside 2 years Another-study recommended that of the amazing 25,000 new shopper food, refreshment, magnificence, and medicinal services items to hit the market every year, just 40 percent will associate with 5 years after the fact Moreover disappointment rates for new modern items might be as high as 30 percent. For what reason do such a significant number of new items fall flat? There re a few reasons Although a thought might be acceptable the market size may have been overestimated Perhaps the genuine item was not planned just as it ought to have brew Or possibly it was erroneously situated in the market evaluated too high or promoted inadequately An elevated level official may push a most loved thought regardless of poor showcasing research discoveries Sometimes the expenses of item improvement are higher than anticipated, and some of the time Competitors retaliate more earnestly than Expected. Anyway the purposes for some new item disappointments appear to be truly evident Try the accompanying on for size. Audit of Literature Item systems At the point when an association brings an item into a market they should ask themselves various inquiries. Who is the item focused on? What advantage will they anticipate? How would they intend to situate the item inside the market? What differential favorable position will the item offer over their rivals? We should recollect that Marketing is on a very basic level about giving the right heap of advantages to the end client, thus the colloquialism Marketing isn't tied in with giving items or administrations it is basically about giving changing advantages to the changing needs and requests of the client (P.Tailor 7/00) Philip Kotler in Principles of Marketing conceived an exceptionally intriguing idea of advantage working with an item For an investigation the book of Principles of Marketing by P.Kotler. Kotler proposed that an item ought to be seen in three levels. Level 1: Core Product. What is the center advantage your item offers?. Clients who buy a camera are purchasing all the more then only a camera they are buying recollections. Level 2Actual Product: All cameras catch recollections. The point is to guarantee that your potential clients buy your one. The procedure at this level includes associations marking, adding highlights and advantages to guarantee that their item offers a differential favorable position from their rivals. Level 3: Augmented item: What extra non-substantial advantages would you be able to offer? Rivalry at this level is based around after deals administration, guarantees, conveyance, etc. John Lewis a retail departmental store offers free multi year ensure on acquisition of their Television sets, this gives their 'clients the extra advantage of genuine feelings of serenity over the five years should their buy build up an issue. Thought age New item improvement begins with thought age the precise quest for new item thoughts. An organization regularly needs to create numerous so as to locate a couple of good once. As indicated by one notable administration expert, For each 1 000 thoughts, just 100 will have enough business t0 guarantee to merits a little sca1e explore just 10 of those will Warrant generous budgetary duty and of those a couple will end up being inadequate triumphs. His decision? In the event that you need to locate a couple of thoughts with the ability to excite client, foil rivalry, and rush financial specialists you should initially produce hundreds and conceivably a large number of capricious vital thoughts. Inward Idea Sources Utilizing inward sources the organization can discover new thoughts through conventional innovative work. It can pick the minds of its officials Scientists engineers fabricating staff Sand salesmen Some organizations have-created effective pioneering programs that urge representatives to brainstorm and grow new item thoughts. For instance 3M s notable 15-percent rule permit representatives to burn through 15 percent of their prong smuggling - taking a shot at ventures of individual intrigue whether those task straightforwardly advantage the organization. Organizations a few times search for imaginative advancement moves toward that beat boundaries to the free progression of new item thoughts For instance firms like Eureka Ranch-a notable new item incubation center - utilize both technique and frenzy in helping organizations to kick off their new item thought age process. Outside Idea Sources Great new item thought additionally originate from watching and tuning in to clients The organization can break down client questions and grievances to discover new items that better take care of devours issues Company architects or salesmen can meet with and work. Nearby clients to get proposals and thoughts The Company can lead studies or center gatherings to find out about Consumer needs and needs. Heinz did only that when its scientists moved toward youngsters who expend the greater part of the ketchup sold discover what might make ketchup all the more speaking to them The appropriate response change the shading So, Heinz created and launc1iedEZ Squirt green ketchup that comes iii a squeezable jug focused at kids Blastin Green ketchup was a raving success, so Heinz caught up with a whole rainbow of EZ Squirt hues, including Funky Purple Passion Pink, Awesome Orange, Totally Teal, and Stellar Blue. The EZ Squirt bottle s unique spout likewise emanates a dainty ketchup stream, so k ids can signature their burgers (or spurt somebody over the table however Heinz fails to make reference to that). In all the new line earned the Company a 5 percent expansion in deals ii the principal year in the wake of hitting the basic food item rack. Purchasers regularly make new items and uses all alone and organizations can profit by putting them available. For instance for quite a long time clients were getting the message out that Skin-so-delicate shower oil and cream was additionally a staggering bug repellent. While a few Consumers Were content essentially to wash a water scented with the fragrant oil others conveyed it in their rucksacks to mosquito-plagued campgrounds or kept a container on the deck of their sea shore houses Avon tuned the thought into a total line of Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard PLUS lR335Â ® items including the Insect Repellent Gentle Breeze Moistures Sun square Lotion SPF 30 a blend cream creepy crawly repellent and sunscreen. The quest for new-item thoughts ought to be methodical as opposed to heedless. In any case scarcely any new thoughts will surface and numerous smart thoughts will bite the dust Top administration can maintain a strategic distance from these issues by introducing a thought administration framework that guides the progression of new plans to an essential issue where they can be gathered checked on and assessed hello setting up such a framework the organization can do any or the entirety of the accompanying. Name a regarded senior individual to be the organization s thought director. Make a cross-utilitarian thought the executives board of trustees comprising of individuals from RD, designing buying tasks account and deals and showcasing to meet regri1rly and assess proposed new item and administration thoughts. Set up a cost free number or Web website for any individual who needs to send another plan to the thought chief. Support all organization partners workers providers, merchants, sellers to send their plans to the thought administrator. Set up formal acknowledgment projects to remunerate the individuals who contribute the best new thoughts. Thought Screening The motivation behind thought age is to make countless thoughts. The motivation behind the succeeding stages is to diminish that number. The main thought lessening stage is thought screening, which helps spot smart thoughts and drop poor ones as quickly as time permits. Item improvement costs rise enormously in later Stages, so the organization needs to proceed just with the item thoughts that will transform into gainful items. The item is to kill unsound ideas before dedicating assets to them. The screeners must ask in any event three inquiries: Will the client in the objective market profit by the item? What is the size and development figures of the market portion/target showcase? What is the current or anticipated serious weight for the item thought? What are the business deals and market slants the item thought depends on? Is it actually achievable to fabricate the item? Will the item be beneficial when produced and conveyed to the client at the objective cost? Numerous organizations require their officials to review new-item thoughts on a standard structure that can be assessed by another item advisory group. The review depicts the item, the objective market, and the opposition. It makes some harsh appraisals of market size, item value, improvement time and costs, fabricating expenses, and pace of return. The panel at that point assesses the thought against a lot of general rules. For instance, at Kao Company, the enormous Japanese buyer items organization, the panel poses inquiries, for example, these: Is the item really valuable to customer and society? Is it useful for our specific organization? Does it work well with the companys goals and techniques? Do we have the individuals, abilities, and assets to cause it to succeed? Does it convey more an incentive to clients than do contending master

Utilitarian Perspective of Genetic Testing Essays

Utilitarian Perspective of Genetic Testing Essays Utilitarian Perspective of Genetic Testing Paper Utilitarian Perspective of Genetic Testing Paper What is your opinion about hereditary testing? Hereditary testing is a dubious issue, particularly in the working environment. Hereditary testing could decide whether staff may perhaps create ailments and reactions because of presentation of synthetic compounds in the work environment. However, the utilization of hereditary testing likewise brings dread of the result of the testing. All articles that I have explored bolster the utilitarian point of view, which checks that hereditary testing is definitely not a legitimate measure to decide genetic illnesses and ought not be utilized for business purposes. In any case, the deontological point of view would be that hereditary testing is good when it is utilized appropriately, controlled and directed by the suitable organizations. UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVE Hereditary testing most certainly has its advantages. Information about a hereditary propensity toward a malady can enable an individual to find a way to forestall it out and out or decrease its seriousness when the sickness strikes. However, individuals who may profit by knowing the about the chance of acquiring a hazard for specific infections may avoid hereditary testing, or other family ancestry data, because of their dread that businesses will utilize that information to deny openings for work or medical coverage. The genuine testing will distinguish those that are helpless to getting a sickness, however isn't to be utilized as a methods for indicative measures. In any case, there is a lot of worry about the potential abuse of hereditary data being accessible to managers. Testing would distinguish representatives or potential workers who are abnormally vulnerable to working environment dangers, or whose hereditary cosmetics could be antagonistically influenced by introduction to working environment poisons. While these outcomes would not exclusively be to the greatest advantage of the business, yet in addition the worker, there are positive negative viewpoints to testing. Testing may distinguish representatives or potential representatives who may turn out to be rashly incapable to work, or who are probably going to acquire considerable social insurance bills. In 1995, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) gave a consistence manual for the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) deciphering the ADA as covering hereditary data identifying with ailment, sickness or different issue. The hypothesis of really getting an infection, over the genuine inclination which would make it bound to get an ailment, don't warrant hereditary testing. Hereditary testing ought not be led as it could affect the choice to enlist a worker, paying little heed to their capacities and capabilities. DEONTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Hereditary testing to help the person by constraining introduction to synthetic compounds or different dangerous working conditions by organizations isn't just a good yet in addition a philanthropic demonstration. This testing can possibly spare workers lives whenever directed in a lawful and good manner. A second sort of testing is hereditary checking. Hereditary checking would decide if an individual’s hereditary material has changed after some time, because of work environment presentation to unsafe substances. On the off chance that there were proof of hereditary changes in a populace of laborers, this data could be utilized to target work regions for expanded wellbeing and wellbeing safety measures and to demonstrate a need to bring down presentation levels to those presented to a formerly obscure risk. A definitive objective of hereditary checking is forestall, or perhaps, lessen the danger of sickness brought about by hereditary harm. Authoritative reports delineating explicit testing necessities ought to be given to people that would be required to be tried. The biggest dread of hereditary testing and checking is that the outcomes will be utilized in a negative way towards the person. Hereditary testing is ethically gainful when offices use testing and checking as per government and state rules and have moral business approaches that keep on keeping the representative educated regarding the purposes behind testing. End I accept that businesses and insurance agencies ought not lead hereditary testing and checking because of the conceivable abuse of the outcomes. Hereditary testing, similar to all testing, is theoretical, best case scenario. Results are uncertain and ought not be utilized to envision real maladies. It is worried all through each article that I examined that despite the fact that the hereditary cosmetics is available for an illness, doesn't imply that the ailment is available or ever will be available. Testing is good when utilized as per administrative norms of lawful testing arrangements and methods and when dealt with dependably and in particular, secretly. Individuals want to know the consequences of testing, yet dread them simultaneously. The most widely recognized explanation is the potential abuse and infringement of security. Book index : Assets Boss Use of Genetic Information †Workplace Visions, January/February 1999 Government-Citizen Group Suggests Policies to Limit Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace †The National Human Genome Research Institute Hereditary Information and the Workplace †The National Human Genome Research Institute, Department of Labor, Department of Health Human Services, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Justice, January 20, 1998 Hereditary Screening in the Workplace, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Danger of Job Bias Seen in Genetic Testing â€Paul Recer, Associated Press, March, 21, 1997

Dole, Bob

Dole, Bob Dole, Bob (Robert Joseph Dole), 1923â€", American political leader, b. Russell, Kan.; husband of Elizabeth Hanford Dole . While serving in World War II, he was seriously wounded and required several years of convalescence. After obtaining his law degree from Washburn Univ. (1952), he worked as a county attorney. In 1960 he was elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives and served four terms (1961â€"69); he was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1968. He was chairman of the Republican National Committee (1971â€"73), and in 1976 Dole was President Gerald Ford 's running mate. With Democratic senator George McGovern , Dole worked to developed government to fight hunger in poor families, particularly poor children. Dole served as majority leader of the Senate (1985â€"87, 1995â€"96) and as minority leader (1987â€"95), gaining a reputation as a pragmatic conservative with an acerbic wit. In 1980 and 1988 Dole ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomina tion. In 1995 he again announced his candidacy for his party's presidential nomination, and he subsequently triumphed in the primaries. In June, 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate in order to devote more time to the presidential race, and in August he chose Jack Kemp as his running mate. He proved unable to reduce President Clinton's significant lead in the popular vote, however, and was soundly defeated in the November elections. In 2007, President George W. Bush selected Dole to co-chair a commission charged with investigating problems in the military health-care system. See his One Soldier's Story: A Memoir (2005). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Essay about Lonestar Case - 1453 Words

LONESTAR - CASE ANALYSIS THE SHORT CYCLE PROCESS Who? Julia Martinez is a secretary that is been harassed by Ron French who happens to be her boss. However, Jack Decoste is the Manager that finds out about the situation. He is the decision maker. His responsibility as a manager is to help Julia with her situation What? Julia Martinez is not comfortable working with her boss. Her boss is making graphic comments and touching her when nobody is around. He is basically harassing her. However, it is her word against his because nobody has witnessed the incidents. This issue is of high significance for the organization. The company could be held responsible for what happens in the workplace. Why? Jack Decoste is involved in the situation†¦show more content†¦Ron will continue to harass Julia and/or other employees. Later on the company could be held responsible for not taking action. Transfer Julia to another department Julia will escape from her actual hostile work environment. Ron will continue to harass Julia and/or other employees. In addition, Julia could loose her job because there might be layoffs in her new department. Report the issue to the companys HR Department Issues could be resolved internally by handling a throughout investigation with discretion. In addition, Ron could be given a written warning and counseling and Julia could also be sent to counseling and maybe be transferred. The internal investigation seems to be difficult because no one has witnessed the sexual harassment. The company may not have the resources or expertise to resolve the issue. Therefore, an internal investigation may not be effective to provide prove of sexual harassment. Report the issue to the Equal Employment Office to begin an investigation The Equal Employment Office has the tools and expertise to handle the situation. The issue will be treated according to employment laws. The external investigation will be difficult since there is actually no prove of the harassment. An external investigationShow MoreRelatedFinc312 Case 32795 Words   |  12 PagesAgro-Chem, Inc Leasing – Case 49 Problem Statement: Agro-Chem, Inc. is a regional producer of agricultural chemicals based in Houston Texas that needs help making a lease versus purchase decision. By understanding the material presented, we will be able to come to a decision. However, after reviewing the information presented, there are a few problems that need to be investigated before finalizing our recommendation. Agro-Chem, Inc. chose to go with the financial manager’s idea of using a discountRead MorePresiding Officers in Texas State Legislature1000 Words   |  4 Pagessteps including ¦ Introduction of the Bill: The development of a bill before its introduction in the legislature involves a senator or representative listening to the people he/she represents and coming up with ways for solving the problem. 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A time series analysis of demand tends to result in a higher R-squared than one using cross-sectional data. Why do you think this is the case? R-squared measures the goodness of fit of a regression equation. A time series analysis of demand tends to result in a higher R-squared than one using cross-sectional data because data is being gathered at multiple periods of time as opposed to one period of time when using cross-sectional data. II. What isRead MoreThe Practice Of Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1260 Words   |  6 Pagesthe act of â€Å"assisted suicide†(â€Å"Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide†). As many patients are becoming diagnosed, they are losing more than just their strength. These patients are losing their dignity, and many are falling into a depressive state. In some cases, these patients choose to want to end their lives instead of enduring months or years of chemo, and pain and suffering. 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SWOT Summary Weaknesses Strengths †¢ Read MoreCultural Appropriation Of The United States1790 Words   |  8 Pagesto weddings or special occasions. Just recently it has come to my attention that temporary tattoos are being stocked in malls and grocery stores. It has been said that these tattoos are based off of tribal tattoos and henna tattoos. If that is the case, then that would be considered wrong. Tribal tattoos are traditionally from Native American tribes. (Xue 4/6/15) â€Å"†¦tribal tattoos was used for a symbol of identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CynzdaReveur 11/11/12) Cultural appropriation has also been a controversial issueRead MoreA Better Future with Green Technology1924 Words   |  8 Pagesbecoming more of a green state. The state of California passed new laws to where a truck driver can not idle there truck if it is not a clean emissions truck. Now that the new clean trucks, Freightliner Cascadia and the International ProStar and Lonestar, are readily available it makes this easier to achieve. The trucking industry has been able to achieve nearly zero nitrogen oxide emissions as of January 1, 2010. It also achieved zero particulate matter emissions as of January 1, 2007 (Britton,

Analysis of the Portable Saw Mill Industry - 913 Words

External Analysis of the Portable Saw Mill Industry Part A: Explain three benefits of conducting an external analysis. For Edward Perry, Timber Kings new CEO, external analysis is one of the most strategic activities he can engage in and have his company continually pursue. Of the many benefits associated with external analysis, the top three are staying on top of customer trends and their continual evolution, being able to anticipate and act on opportunities, and getting advance warning of any significant threats (Banham, 2010). These three areas of customer-centered analysis, scanning the external environment for opportunities while looking to mitigate threats must eventually be integrated to the internal systems and processes of Timber King in order for the company to be successful (Feldmann, Olhager, 2008). The company must become highly agile and market-driven for the portable saw mill business to succeed. Part B: Educate Mr. Perry on some of the challenges of conducting an external analysis. There are many inherent challenges in completing an external analysis of your company. First, the methodology or approach to researching the external factors needs to be considered. This is a very critical decision because it will dictate in large part how valuable the data you collect is (Banham, 2010). Inherent in the methodology must be the overarching goals of the external analysis to begin with. If the goal is to expand the overall market for portable saw mills, theShow MoreRelatedSkil Corporation1511 Words   |  7 Pagessales 15% annually. It had acquired only financially successful companies. But in 1979, it acquired Skil Corporation, a financially mediocre performing company for $58 million. Skil was a leading manufacturer of portable power tools serving the professional and consumer markets, the circular saw being the strongest and best seller amongst those tools, which it also invented, and was amongst the top three in power tools market share holdings in U.S. Other power tools that Skil manufactured included mid-pricedRead MoreSkil Corporation1504 Words   |  7 Pagessales 15% annually. It had acquired only financially successful companies. But in 1979, it acquired Skil Corporation, a financially mediocre performing company for $58 million. 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For instance, Kraft makes $24 billionRead More The Causes of the Industrial Revolution Essay4968 Words   |  20 Pagesravaged by financial plunder and economic collapse, as well as possessing the only merchant fleet of any useful size (European merchant fleets having been destroyed during the war by the Royal Navy). The United Kindoms extensive exporting cottage industries also ensured markets were already open for many forms of early manufactured goods. The nature of conflict in the period resulted in most British warfare being conducted overseas, reducing the devastating effects of territorial conquest affectingRead MoreStudy on Peekay Steel Castings Ltd9554 Words   |  39 Pages..... 2 2.1 Introduction to Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2.2 Objective of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2.3 Scope of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2.4 Study Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 2.5 Introduction to Steel Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2.6 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 2. COMPANY PROFILE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 2.1Growth amp; Evolution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 2.2 About Peekay Group†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 10 2.3About the firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read More Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay4553 Words   |  19 PagesManifesto was to become one of the most widely read and discussed documents of the 20th century. Marx sought to differentiate his brand of socialism from others by insisting that it was scientifically based in the objective study of history, which he saw as being a continuous process of change and transformation. Just as feudalism had naturally evolved into mercantilism and then capitalism, so capitalism would inevitably give way to its logical successor, socialism as the necessary result of class struggleRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesof the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlea râ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F IRead MoreThe Strategies Of Samsung Mobile Phones Essay10311 Words   |  42 Pages NOIDA The Project Work as mentioned above is hereby recommended and forwarded for examination and evaluation. â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENT S.NO. PARTICULARS 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Company Profile 4. Research Methodology 5. Data analysis and Interpretations 6. Summary and Conclusions 7. Recommendations and Suggestions 8. Annexure 9. Bibliography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Samsung Galaxy line of mobile phones and tablets helped rally the handset maker a significant market shareRead MorePill Camera3060 Words   |  13 Pagesto calculate and indicate the position of capsule in the body. A belt is applied around the patient’s waist and holds a recording device and a battery pack. Sensors are incorporated within the belt. Data recorder Data recorder is a small portable recording device placed in the recorder pouch, attached to the sensor belt. It has light weight (470 gm). Data recorder receives and records signals transmitted by camera. It is of the size of walkman and receives and stores 5000 to 6000 JPEG imagesRead MorePill Camera3074 Words   |  13 Pagesused to calculate and indicate the position of capsule in the body. A belt is applied around the patient’s waist and holds a recording device and a battery pack. Sensors are incorporated within the belt. Data recorder Data recorder is a small portable recording device placed in the recorder pouch, attached to the sensor belt. It has light weight (470 gm). Data recorder receives and records signals transmitted by camera. It is of the size of walkman and receives and stores 5000 to 6000 JPEG images

Technology Changes in 1850-1900s Free Essays

The American economy has boosted, in such a way where positive and negative impacts can reflect on how the society is handled and seen as. New political ideas and inventions come to place, and our economy starts to shift and handle bigger changes. As a result, America used and developed new customs to help progress and grow to our necessities. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Changes in 1850-1900s or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the greatest impacts of technological inventions was the railroad. Railroads were the nation’s first â€Å"big business† and was a source of rapid transportation. Resources needed to build the nationwide network of railroads led to growth in other industries, for example, the coal and steel network. By making the technological changes, it increased and branched off into new jobs and products. For example, the railroads allowed farmers to sell their crops to a larger market, yet the railroads were more powerful than individual farmers or farm collectives. They were able to charge the farmers large fees, expenses that farmers barely had enough to cover, in order to transport their goods throughout the expansive country. Much of the technology was either expensive and/or needed large spaces to work effectively and sufficiently. Similar essay: Was the West a Land of Opportunity or Oppression? In order to promote western expansion, the federal government provided railroad companies with huge subsidies in the form of loans and land grants. Around 80 companies received over 170 million acres of public land and the railroad companies received more than three times the land given away by the Homestead Act. This was when they were offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen who was head of the household. This expanded land ownership and attracted foreigners to settle in these areas. Another huge invention which impacted the lives of people communicating across the country. This invention was called the Telegraph, created by Samuel Morse in 1844. By 1900 telegraph lines linked all continents in a global network of cables. This helped the communication travel around and when wars struck, they were able to stay in contact. The invention of the telegraph branched off to a new invention of the telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. It opened the way for a worldwide communications network. The economic ideas of Laissez-faire capitalism and Social Darwinism, contributed to the rapid industrialization of the late 1800’s. Economists found in Social Darwinism, a way to justify the doctrine of laissez faire. Laissez-faire capitalism argued that business should not be regulated by the government and that they should be regulated by supply and demand. They would also offer goods at low prices and out of their self-interest. In the 1880’s trusts and monopolies started to undercut the natural regulation of the market. The second economic idea of Social Darwinism was based on Darwin’s theory of natural selection. This theory of natural selection and survival applied to the standards of the business world. How to cite Technology Changes in 1850-1900s, Essay examples

Environment and Development Economic Approach

Question: Discuss about the Environment and Development for Economic Approach. Answer: Introduction: Singapore is one of the fastest growing countries for more than a decade. The reason behind this growth in Gross Domestic Product is rapid growth in the industrial and service sector. The industrial sector produces twenty five percent of the countrys total income. The output percentage of the agricultural sector in the countrys Gross Domestic Product is insignificant. The high output percentage of the industrial sector is associated with high negative externality which affects the countrys environment. The environmental laws and regulations of the country are targeted against the negative externalities which affects the environment and economy as well. The essay will critically discuss the relevant economic theories that underlie the environmental issues in Singapore. The economic theories incorporated here are demand and supply theory, externalities of production, and government policies which comes from the National Environment Agency and other authorities. Proper examples which will focus on the issues that the country has been facing and the policies which has adopted by the government will be stated here. Possible changes which will make the policies better will also be discussed in this essay. The economy of Singapore started to grow since 1965. The government of the country took various measures in order to make the countrys economy dependant on the service and industrial sectors. The reason behind such decision was the countrys size. Agricultural sector will require more land which is not present in Singapore (Susskind and Ali 2014). The industrial sector got the boost from domestic and foreign investors. Demand and supply: The rapid investments increased the supply potential of the country. Following the Says law it was assumed that the supply will create its own demand. This helped the country in expanding its output. The situation can be depicted in the figure below: As shown in the figure above, the overall output of the country was at Q1. After the government of Singapore took initiation for expanding the domestic and foreign investments flooded in. It shifted the supply curve outwards of the country. As a result, the output level shifted to Q2. The price level in the market also got reduced from P1 to P2. This helped the countrys producers in facing higher demand. But the fall in price did not incorporate the social cost which resulted in market failure (Kannan, Govindan and Rajendran 2015). The government of Singapore at that time were more focused on the high growth rate of the economy. This diverted the focus from the negative externalities of the high production. The technologies used at first were not environment friendly as it is now. This trait increased the negative externalities and its effects on the economy. Similar problems were faced by other countries like China in different time periods. The degradation of the countrys environment forced the government to create new laws and regulations to improve the environment and reduce the degree of market failure in the economy. With more improvement in the technologies caused by high involvement of the research and development wings of different organizations, the regulations imposed by the government were followed. Externalities: There are two types of externalities of any economic decisions namely negative externalities and positive externalities. The positive externalities increase the social welfare of a country by adding values to the products. On the other hand, the negative externalities hamper an economy and the agents in the economy. The society as a whole gets benefits during occurrence of positive externalities. According to Lin (2014), the negative externalities reduce the well being of the citizens of a country. In the case of Singapore, the positive externalities included job creation and improvement of the standard of living of the people of Singapore. The per capita income rose rapidly during the transition period of Singapore. It added value to the well being of the people of Singapore. The factories which were a vital part of the countrys boom were a huge contributor of emission of green house gases like carbon monoxide (Rosenbaum 2013). It affected the environment of the country. The rapid growth also increased the purchasing power of the common people. According to Frumkin (2016), people started consuming products more, which emits green house gases. Example of these products is cars, diesel generators, and others. These were incorporated in negative externalities. To understand the negative externalities the following diagram is given: As shown in the figure above, the marginal private cost and marginal private benefit are used to determine how much to produce and how much will charge as price. The figure shows that P1 is the price which the private producers are ready to implement. The corresponding output is Q1. But in reality, the negative externalities to the environment are not incorporated in this price level. The inclusion of the cost to the environment would have made the price P2 and the quantity Q2. The social welfare which is not incorporated in the pricing strategy is marked in red in the figure. It represents the impacts on the environment of Singapore due the production processes adopted by the organizations. The situation represents a prisoners dilemma among the producers regarding protect the private profit and social profit. it shows the uncertainty regarding prioritizing between the environment and profit. Government: According to Tortajada, Joshi and Biswas (2013), in order to address the negative externalities and the market failure regarding it, which affects the environment and economy of the country inversely the government of Singapore has taken various steps. These steps include creation of government bodies which has the purpose of making rules and regulations. These regulations were targeted to make the production processes efficient and environment friendly. According to Quah and Roth (2012), the National Environment Agency is one of those initiatives taken in to account by the government of the country. This public organization was founded in the year 2002. The parent agency of the National Environment Agency is the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources of Singapore. The purpose of this organization is to develop environmental initiatives in different sectors to protect the countrys resources from getting polluted. According to Ratti and Claudel (2014), it has three operationa l divisions: Environmental public health, Environmental protection, and Meteorological service Singapore. The ground surveillance and measurements to benefit the public health standard are observed and done by the Environmental public health division. This division is responsible for hygiene and the overall cleanliness of the country. It makes sure that the pollution from the factories is not affecting the citizens of Singapore. The Environmental protection division is responsible for protecting the environment of the country by pollution reductive policies and programmes. According to Mler (2013), it monitors all the organizations and their factories. The waste generated by the factories is monitored by the division as well. The Environmental protection division also implements various programmes which can affect the waste generation process to reduce. The division is also responsible for waste-to-energy projects that are currently running in the country. According to Tietenberg and Lewis (2016), the Meteorological service Singapore monitors the weather and environmental changes in the country. It benefits the socio-economic activities that help the country to grow. The countrys defence system is also aligned with this division. Any changes in the countrys weather due to the negative externalities of the factories make the organizations answerable to the Meteorological service Singapore. Policy measurements following the Cost benefit and market failure: The National Environment Agency has taken numerous measures to protect the environment of the country. In the year 2006, the government of Singapore announced accession to the Kyoto Protocol. According to Seltenrich (2016), the purpose of this is to encourage reduction of carbon emission and increasing energy efficiency for the betterment of the country. The policy measures by the institution also incorporate the ten percent energy challenge started in the year 2008. According to Dixon et al. (2013), this policy encouraged the households to reduce energy consumption by ten percent. The institution also proved that energy efficient electronic goods help the households and the offices in saving lifecycle costs. The waste generation increased from 1,300 tonnes a day in 1970 to 7000 tonnes a day in the year 2006. The institution started a waste management system which accelerated the recycling rate from forty percent in the year 2000 to fifty-six percent in 2008. These policy measures have increased the life span of landfills like Semakau from 25 30 to 35 40 years. The property rights in the country were such designed that the private owners of property focus significantly on the environmental issues (Lam and Notteboom 2014). The policy measures by the country which came through National Environment Agency after 2002 clearly sated the degree to which the country protects the private properties were different according to a rating system provided by the authorities. These policy measures were targeted to reduce the amount of waste that is generated by the factories and the households. It was proved by the National Environment Agency that these measures have yielded positive results. According to the Boj, Mler and Unemo (2013), the rate of pollution in the country has fallen since the early years of this decade. The reduction in the rate of waste and pollution generation also helped the biodiversity in the country. The survey team of the institution has found that near about eight hundred species of plants and animals in the five natural habitats of Semakau. Conclusion: The environmental protection in Singapore has been handled by the government strictly which gave positive results. The National Environment Agency was found by the government under the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources in the year 2002. The purpose of this institution is to help the country to reduce the negative externalities from the production processes that are running in the country. Since the independence, Singapore focused on production maximization. The prices that were charged initially did not cover the social welfare cost that was caused by the pollution generated by the production technologies. It caused market failure in Singapore. Since the introduction of the National Environment Agency the pollution production rate has been reduced over time. The three divisions of the institution addressed the environmental issues of Singapore through three categories of the environmental platform. The surveys done by the government, show that the policy measures brought po sitive results. There are some fields to work on still. With new ideas and the help of the research and development wing of the institution new programmes can be created to reduce the pollution percentage in the country. References: Boj, J., Mler, K.G. and Unemo, L., 2013. Environment and development: an economic approach (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Dixon, J., Scura, L., Carpenter, R. and Sherman, P., 2013. Economic analysis of environmental impacts. Routledge. Frumkin, H. ed., 2016. Environmental health: from global to local. John Wiley Sons. Kannan, D., Govindan, K. and Rajendran, S., 2015. Fuzzy Axiomatic Design approach based green supplier selection: a case study from Singapore. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, pp.194-208. Lam, J.S.L. and Notteboom, T., 2014. The greening of ports: A comparison of port management tools used by leading ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews, 34(2), pp.169-189. Lin, S.A. ed., 2014. Theory and measurement of economic externalities. Academic Press. Mler, K.G., 2013. Environmental economics: a theoretical inquiry (Vol. 7). Routledge. Quah, A.K. and Roth, M., 2012. Diurnal and weekly variation of anthropogenic heat emissions in a tropical city, Singapore. Atmospheric Environment, 46, pp.92-103. Ratti, C. and Claudel, M., 2014. LIVE Singapore! The Urban Data Collider. Transfers, 4(3), p.117. Rosenbaum, W.A., 2013. Environmental politics and policy. Cq Press. Seltenrich, N., 2016. Singapore success: new model helps forecast dengue outbreaks. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(9), p.A167. Susskind, L.E. and Ali, S.H., 2014. Environmental diplomacy: negotiating more effective global agreements. Oxford University Press. Tietenberg, T.H. and Lewis, L., 2016. Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Tortajada, C., Joshi, Y. and Biswas, A.K., 2013. The Singapore water story: sustainable development in an urban city state. Routledge.

How To Write A Demonstration Speech

Facing a new assignment you don't know how to complete could be a bit intimidating. Moreover, not all assignments are actually easy to complete - some require a specific approach and a knowledge of certain details to ace them. This is especially true when it comes to writing a demonstration speech. But before we get to the writing process itself and offer you some demonstration speech ideas for college students, let's define what exactly is a demonstration speech. What is a demonstration speech? A demonstration speech requires you to explain some process or task to the audience so the audience would understand it clearly. In order to achieve that, you need to research some demonstration speech ideas, pick the right topic, the right words, and make sure your speech will fit into a given time limit. But there are also some other important thing to keep in mind while writing a demonstration speech. How to write a demonstration speech? Every writing assignment begins with research. The same goes for a demonstration speech: before you even move on to the writing process itself, you need to find out what you're going to write about. Start with researching some good demonstration speech ideas. Maybe you want to (or assigned to) write about a specific topic - in that case, you could search for some demonstration speech ideas with food, for example. Once you find some, pick the ones you're the most familiar with and possibly the most passionate about. If you know the topic well and really like it, it would be easier for you to make your presentation more effective. If you struggle with finding the right and easy demonstration speech ideas, don't worry - we have some examples for you below. After you finally pick a topic, start thinking about your audience. Ask yourself, who are they, how familiar they might be with the topic, what is their level of knowledge on the topic, and so on. If they know the subject well enough, you can use more specific and industry-related terms in your speech. But if they don't, you need to make your speech as simple and basic as possible. Also, keep in mind that you might be limited by time. Sometimes you can afford to talk for half an hour and sometimes you don't have that luxury. Always make sure that you'll be able to deliver your speech and look for 5-minute demonstration speech ideas if you're short on time. Feel a bit more prepared? Then check out these demonstration speech topic ideas, come up with your own ones - and start writing. 100 demonstration speech topic ideas for students Clothes How to tie a necktie How to organize your closet How to clean shoes How to coordinate clothes for any occasion How to roll clothes to pack a suitcase How to alter your own clothes How to wear a pocket watch in different ways How to tie a scarf in different ways How to iron a shirt How to accessorize a white dress Games and entertainment How to play chess How to perform a magic trick How to perform a card trick How to plan a party How to play board games How to decorate for a party How to buy games on Steam How to make your own Halloween mask How to entertain your guests How to plan a home movie night Technology How to use a cell phone How to choose a digital camera How to text a message How to set-up an email account How to install a car stereo How to build an online business How to make a YouTube video How to upload a YouTube video How to edit photos on Instagram How to build a website Be prepared How to make an emergency kit How to plan a home fire escape How to splint a broken leg How to defend yourself against an attacker How to handle a gun How to help someone who has an epileptic fit How to get out of the burning building How to use a compass How to survive in the wilderness How to avoid ID theft Food How to be a vegetarian How to detox How to bake chocolate cookies How to count calories How to do meal planning How to read labels How to create a menu How to eat when you're working out regularly How to bake a cake How to make a smoothie Crafts and hobbies How to draw a house How to read music How to waltz How to knit a scarf How to apply face paint How to arrange flowers How to play the guitar How to make your own jewelry How to scrapbook How to make your own greeting cards Money and frugal living How to repay a student loan How to budget How to save money How to save for your retirement How to use a credit card wisely How to do grocery shopping How to budget for a trip How to use cashback How to start your own business How to learn how to manage your finances Education How to choose a college How to study online How to learn a foreign language How to learn speed reading How to ace your exams How to write a college paper How to write a persuasive speech outline How to enroll in an online course How to research How to read a poem Green living How to recycle How to save water at home How to build green How to reduce waste How to grow your own garden How to save energy at home How to sort plastic How to donate clothes How to save gasoline How to create green fertilizers Work and business How to write a resume How to ace a job interview How to work from home How to turn your hobby into a business How to write a business email How to manage a project How to create a PowerPoint presentation How to complete an online skill test How to turn yourself into a brand How to create a business plan One of the best things about the demonstration speech is that once you understand the rules and find the right topic, you'll realize that it's actually not very hard to write. Moreover, unlike persuasive speech topics that could be very complex, the ones for demonstrative speech are generally more basic and easy. The important thing here is to pick a topic that would be really interesting to your audience - and to do your best to deliver it clearly. If you do that, you'll definitely get a good grade!

The History of Miniature Golf

The History of Miniature Golf According to the American Heritage Dictionary, miniature golf is a novelty version of golf played with a putter and golf ball on a miniature course and featuring obstacles such as alleys, bridges, and tunnels. Garnet Carter was the first person to patent a game of miniature golf which he called Tom Thumb Golf in 1927. However, there were a few earlier unpatented versions of miniature golf type games. For example, in 1916, James Barber of Pinehurst, North Carolina had a miniature golf course on his estate called the Thistle Du. There were also patented processes that related to the game. Garnet Carter built his miniature golf course on Lookout Mountain in Tennessee to draw traffic to the hotel he owned. His wife, Frieda Carter did most of the designing of the courses obstacles which had a fairyland theme. Patented Cottonseed Hull Surface In 1922, Englishmen, Thomas McCulloch Fairborn who was living in Tlahualilo, Mexico built a miniature golf course with a surface made from crushed cottonseed hulls mixed with oil, dyed green, and rolled on top of a sand foundation. Fairborn also founded a company called the Miniature Golf Courses of America Inc. Fairborn patented his method of making a playing surface, which was an inexpensive method. In 1926, Drake Delanoy and John Ledbetter built New York City’s first outdoor miniature golf course on top of a skyscraper. Delanoy and Ledbetter copied Thomas Fairborns process of using crushed cottonseed hulls and infringed upon Fairborns patent. Eventually, a financial arrangement was arrived at between Delanoy and Ledbetter and Fairborn that let the cottonseed hull process be used over 150 roof top miniature courses in New York City. Garnet Carter also had to pay a royalty to Fairborn since he used the cottonseed hull surface on his miniature golf course. Carter founded the Fairyland Manufacturing Corporation, which by 1930 manufactured and sold over 3000 of his Tom Thumb miniature golf course franchises. Â   Continue The History of Golf or Photo Gallery

Family Therapy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Therapy - Research Paper Example In addition, individual personality traits influence the way members of a social unit interact and relate with one another. As a result of these variables, social scientists acknowledge the fact that family units possess unique characteristics, which influence behavioral conduct and affect family members. With respect to the acknowledgement, psychiatrists and family therapists usually prefer handling family problems in a customized manner. Carr (2012) says that this will ensure objective identification and evaluation of an issue based on social and psychological make-up of involved family members. Nature of the Program This essay involves evaluation of a family therapy program meant to address the issue of Eating Disorder among juveniles, especially teenagers. Eating Disorder is one of the least attended problems affecting school going children in American societies. The problem starts when a teenager feels uncomfortable with his or her increase in body weight. As a result, a juvenil e reverts to negative eating habits, which may include eating less food or even forcefully vomiting after a meal. In the long run, a teenager may develop psychological problems associated with disturbance in eating behavior. According to Heller (2007), teens with eating disorder, especially girls, usually regard their body weight as the main assert for evaluating self worth. As a result, they may decide to take voluminous meals and vomit or take laxative drugs to counteract the caloric effect of the meal. In most family units, teenagers undergo these problems in secret for fear of criticism and victimization by their parents. Physical symptoms of the disorder may include depressive moods, disappearing during or after meals and frequent use of diuretics and laxatives, among others. Therefore, this problem among teenagers calls for intervention using an appropriate family therapy program. How the Program Works In this context, the Eating Disorder therapy program seeks to facilitate un derstanding of the problem among members of a family unit. Mitchell and Grilo (2012) says that the program will provide an avenue through which parents or guarding, siblings and the victim juveniles can acknowledge the causes and effects of the disorder. Upon informed acknowledgement, the therapy will extrapolate on the appropriate courses of actions that will provide short and long term achievements. The program takes into considerations the social and psychological traits of parents and other members of the society. In this case, a therapist can understand why a juvenile avoids detection of the disorder by his or her parents. According to Mitchell and Grilo (2012), common reasons for the secretive behavior may include strict parenting patterns in the family, especially autocratic style of parenting. In the process, parents will acknowledge the need of loosening their grip on strict family values and adjusting towards accommodating problems faced by their children. In addition, juv eniles will learn the benefits of being open with their caregivers. The program usually involves weekly visits to therapy sessions held either at home or in psychiatric clinics. The entire program runs for approximately six months, with exceptions of being terminated early depending on the juveniles’ response to treatment. Mitchell and Gr

Business cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business cycle - Essay Example The business cycle occurs in five distinct stages, which include growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. Whenever the business cycle is at recession, the business general, economic performance is bad (Elwell 123). In fact, it results to adverse economic elements such as inflation, unemployment, losses to corporation, and decline in investment levels. On the other hand, period of growth and peak are desirable in that they are characterized by strong economic signals such as high employment levels, price stability, profitability of firms, and high investment levels. It is therefore, preferable that the economy operates on growth or peak season. Three key economic variables that characterize a business cycle Economists have unearthed three causes of a business cycle, which include employment, inflation, and interest rates. During trough or recession period, the interest rates are high, which means that the cost of acquiring capital for investing is business is high. This, therefo re, implies that less people are taking up loans for investment. With investment levels low, the unemployment levels in the economy will go down. As such, trends continue to soar; the overall effect is that the economy may go into a trough. In order to revive the economy from such adverse trends, the government usually comes up with expansionary policies such as increasing public expenditure as well as reducing the rate of capital to encourage investment and reduce the unemployment rates. The other factor that characterizes the business cycle includes the issue of inflation. During the times of recession or trough, the economy is characterized by price volatility. The price of goods and services usually go up making life difficult for the majority of households. Whenever, the economy has high prices, the business cycle is affected negatively implying indirect relationship between inflation and business cycle. The other factor that affects business cycle is the issue of productivity. During peak and growth period since the economic cycle, the economy is always characterized by high productivity. Hamilton (119) says that it is important that government of the day and the management of various businesses put in place deliberate measures to ensure productivity through quality education and training, investment in infrastructure, and better government policies that encourage productivity. The good business environment in developed economies such as United States of America examines why their economy is rarely affected by adverse economic cycle such as recession and trough. Characteristics of Recession Economic pundits refer to recession as a period exceeding two quarters in which an economy is grappling with a negative trend in GDP. The major characteristic of recession is a reduction in investment spending. During periods of recession, the interest rates are always high which in turn results to increase in cost of capital (Smiley 221). Increase in cost of capital makes it very expensive to service loans hence less money is available for investment. The other critical characteristic of recession is high unemployment rate. During recession, the level of

An Explanation Of What Chartism Is

An Explanation Of What Chartism Is Chartism was a movement born of working class resentment at their exclusion from the newly expanded franchise. It was possibly the first mass working class labour movement in the world. There were two ideological views in Chartism; physical force or moral force, depending upon ones attitudes to violent protest. It was particularly active during times in which the economy was doing badly. For example, during the economic downturns of 1838-39; 1842; 1847-48. The movement of Chartism did not last; its high point could be said to be 1848. This essay will examine the movement; its beginning to its end and whether it can be definitively said to have either succeeded or failed. Chartisms origins lie in London and Birmingham. The London Working Mens Association (founded in 1836) and the Birmingham Political Union focussed on this failure of the act to do something for the working class.  [1]  The London Working Mens Association composed what would eventually become The Peoples Charter during 1837. As Preston W. Slosson wrote, While the phrasing of the Peoples Charter varied somewhat at different periods, the text of the 1837 petition of the London Working ­mens Association is typical of later forms.  [2]  A national meeting to promote the Charter was held in 1837 and also 1838. In May 1838 Henry Vincent was arrested for making inflammatory speeches. He was tried and found guilty and sentenced to twelve months in jail. He was not allowed access to writing materials and only books on religion were available to hm. Chartists in Wales were furious and subsequently, violence broke out. John Frost made speeches across Wales, advocating against breaking the law. He instead felt that a protest would better serve to indicate the strength of the outrage this sentence had caused. The protest was to take place in Newport, where the release of Vincent would be demanded. The authorities in Newport grew fearful when news of this planned protest reached them and when the protesters arrived they discovered that more arrests had been made and that some of their number were being held in Westgate Hotel. Soldiers had been placed inside the Westgate Hotel and when the order was given they began firing into the crowd. Several of the men, including John Frost, were charged with h igh treason and found guilty. They were to be hanged, drawn and quartered. The sentences led to many protests taking place across the country. The government debated the sentences and announced that in lieu of execution they would be transported for life. On the 6 August 1838 the two groups formally adopted the 6 points of the Charter. Soon, it could be seen that the working class public approved of the charter despite the fact that Radicals saw it as overly moderate and did not entirely approve. A large meeting was held on Kersal Moor, Lancashire on 24 September 1838 which attracted many people from all over the country. Rallies were also held throughout 1848 in Glasgow, Birmingham and Leeds. A National Convention gathered in London on February 4, 1839. The Chartists met to prepare for taking their petition to Parliament. The movement organised a group of 50 members to better co-ordinate the presentation of the petition. The first Convention would end badly. Rioting in Birmingham led to the arrest and imprisonment of the Conventions secretary and the author of the Charter, William Lovett. Arrests were made in Birmingham in July, due to the defiance by supporters of a ban on meetings. A week after this, a motion to consider the petition was rejected by 235 votes against to 46 for. After this event, many came to believe that violence was the only way to succeed. Violence broke out in many areas and as a result, arrests followed. The National Charter Association was formed in July 1840 from the wreckage of the previous year to co-ordinate future activities  [3]  as Eric J. Evans states. The partys administrative concerns were overseen by a convention of delegates chosen by the local Charter associations. The organisation was the result of the London Working Mens Association, led by William Lovett and Henry Vincent, and the Birmingham Political Union, including Thomas Atwood and John Collins, joining forces and also unions organised by Feargus OConnor. These merged groups became known as the National Charter Association. To join, one had to purchase a membership card (renewed four times a year).The association elected an executive, which had the use of half the funds of the association. Feargus O Connor was instrumental in holding it together- this was due to his charisma and his newspaper, the Chartist Northern Star which were both prominent aspects of the movement in the coming decade.  [4]  O Connor organised another National Convention. However, it was organised only for members of the National Charter Association. A second petition was presented to Parliament; this was rejected with 287 votes against to 49 votes for. On 10 April 1848, a mass meeting was organised on Kennington Common, the objective of which was to gather a procession to present another petition to Parliament. The number of attendees was disputed; OConnor estimated 300,000; the government, 15,000. It is most likely that 150,000 attended. The government did not believe that the Chartists intended to organise an uprising, but they did fear that a revolution would occur and were therefore determined to make a display of strength to counter the possibility and also potentially get rid of Chartism in a year in which revolutions were taking place across Europe. The military were prepared to act were the Chartists to try and cross the Thames. The petition was estimated to have only around two million signatures, while O Connor claimed the number was around five million. The signatures included those dead and people such as Queen Victoria. While this was a source of ridicule for the Chartists, it is possible such signatures were the resul t of many being illiterate or at threat from their employers were they found to support such a movement. However, Chartism was not destroyed by the ignominy. The question of whether Chartism succeeded or failed is a divisive one, and additionally depends on the way in which one defines the terms. There are many contesting opinions on the issue. In a literal sense, the movement undeniably failed in its goals. The movement achieved little with regards to the government; the constitution was not amended, per the suggestion of Engels. It also did not itself achieve any of the six aims laid out in its Charter. The abolition of the property qualification for MPs was achieved in 1858; universal male suffrage was achieved in stages in 1867/8, 1884, 1918, 1928; the secret ballot was gained in 1872 and a salary for MPs in 1911. The last time it could have been said to have presented a significant challenge to authority is in 1848, the year generally seen as its climactic year. There are several different opinions on the legacy of Chartism. Edward Royle argues against the attribution of the later achievement of these aims to the movement; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦To say that the Ballot Act and other measures came after Chartism and were therefore caused by Chartism is fallacious. These Acts cannot even remotely be attributed to Chartist pressure. It would be more accurate to say that the Ballot Act would probably have come earlier had it not been for Chartismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [5]   However, he does concede that Chartism was successful in some respects. He states that it had a powerful political impact, bringing a new urgency to the philanthropic impulses of private individuals and the reforming tendencies of those in government.  [6]  He states that the Ballot Act may have come earlier had it not been for the movement; the tactics employed by the movement were not always those that would have been best recommended. Events such as those with the petition with the forged signatures of the dead and the non-existent damaged its reputation. Eric J. Evans argues that the movement should not be judged by how much of a threat it was but rather as an important political education of working class people. He writes that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Chartism imbued its adherents with both a cultural identity and a strong sense of hope which transcended immediate failures. Nothing in working-class politics would be unaffected by the Chartist experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [7]   As Evans states, the movement had a profound effect on working class politics. The experience of Chartism educated the people and Slosson agrees on this point: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The un ­en ­fran ­chised class ­es had come to know them ­selves; to be con ­scious both of their strength and of their weak ­ness. The very faults and blun ­ders which wrecked Char ­tism have been turned to good ac ­count as a warn ­ing to lat ­er work ­ing-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’class move ­ments. If the Chartist move ­ment did not im ­me ­di ­ate ­ly ob ­tain for Eng ­land the Char ­ter, at least it or ­ga ­nized the peo ­ple to make full use of democ ­ra ­cy when it cameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [8]   He acknowledges the fact that the movement made mistakes, did things wrong and states that these in fact educated the working class movements to come on what actions were and were not inadvisable. While this aspect is a failure, the objective of Chartism was to gain social-economic betterment for the class using political power as a means to and end, and to such an end even the failure of the movement can be seen as a success in that it provided lessons to future movements seeking the same goals. Aspects of the ideology of Chartism can be seen in these future movements; eventually, their six points were realised and it is arguable (and indeed has been argued) that Chartism was the inspiration behind this. Even despite the fact that Edward Royle believes that one cannot state that Chartism has any responsibility for the passing of the acts, he does not deny the importance of the movement itself which was significant. John K. Walton states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It did not achieve any of the Six Points and after its defeat lost from view for half a century; but without its surging and intermittent threat it is hard to imagine the governments of the 1840s making the concessions they did. Chartism declined, in part, because some of the goals that drew people into the movement had been attained. To ask why Chartism failed is to misunderstand its nature; the interesting questions are about the extent to which it succeededà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [9]   While the three do not entirely agree, a consistent theme in their commentary is that it did have some success and did have at least some lasting effect on the political landscape. In Waltons commentary, he states that what is seen as part of its failure (I.e. the decline of the movement) is in fact a consequence of its success; people had achieved their ends and therefore departed, having achieved their ends. I believe therefore that it can be stated that the movement was in fact successful.

Regional Connectivity

Though this reticular Issue has somehow reduced the limelight of proposed â€Å"Aslant Highway; but It Is something that represents even bigger prospect for Bangladesh as the road connecting 23 countries through proposed Asian Highway network. The proposed deep sea port is also opening up the prospect of connectivity as it might be accessible for whole region. Neighboring countries like Sardinia has created a deep sea port in recent times and so far it has been a success story. That might prompt Bangladesh to push this plan forward. By utilizing these opportunity eloquently Bangladesh might turn Into a hub of connectivity.But It's a country that Is suffering to construct necessary infrastructure for the internal demand. In this situation if given access of connectivity then it will be worse and might cause a negative impact. So, the necessary infrastructure should be build before giving any such access. What is the ultimate benefit of connectivity? How one can resolve the issue of S overeignty vs. Connectivity? Will the extended connectivity result In an expansion of drug trafficking and Illegal trade? These are some questions which ultimately come Into play. Many uses this Issues as an argument against connectivity.It is unlikely to enjoy benefit only through a policy. Especially when it comes about the question of issues like this one got to take all the aspects into consideration. Connectivity and development In this era of globalization the world is more connected then before. Day by day this connectivity is increasing more and more. Now a day it's quite impossible for the states to take alienated policy. Today we see ideology is playing trivial role then It played before. Today International system Is moving on the three fast highways of globalization, liberalizing and vaporization In a unpopular world.Economic development seems to be the common goal of every nation. This commonality has made it possible for the states to become physically connected throug h the flow of – people and trade. That's why the idea of â€Å"interconnected world† is getting more and more voice. Even States that have traditionally been sovereignty sensitive, at least in terms of Integrating themselves through roads, today, are trying to negotiate multilateral economic arrangements that Include transit and transportation across their national boundaries But this interconnectivity is not purely interconnected.As it's the connectivity driven by interest so countries that have common interests or the egging which represents more opportunity are the one to be connected or willing to establish connectivity. As a result regional connectivity is becoming more fashionable. E is a perfect example. Following the success of E regional organizations and regional connectivity Is getting stronger. Also countries are more higher investment in public infrastructure brings invariably in its wake economic prosperity and improved quality of life.It's also used as a remedy of eradicating inequality which has emerged as a threat of the present time. The improved transport facilities impact through faster mobility of labor, materials, and gods, in hat way reducing transport costs as well as saving time for further engagements. Transport cost is an important determinant of competitiveness, making an integrated and capable transport networks an essential element of the enabling environment for economic integration at any level.The provision of physical infrastructure in the form of an integrated transport network is essential, but not a major condition in itself for efficient and effective international movement. It is necessary to have adequate facilitation measures to address all the non-physical barriers so that goods, icicles and people can move freely across international borders. Bangladesh prospect as a hub of connectivity: Location and gee-spatial reality: Bangladesh is a country which is virtually â€Å"India locked†. So, the geogr aphical point of view it apparently seems to be a disadvantage for her.But it has many geographical advantages. The access of Bay of Bengal , and through to the wider open seas and to the sea routes towards the strategically important regions such as East and Southeast Asia, on the one hand , and West Asia and the Middle East on the other. This geographical and location can be utilized by Bangladesh for her own benefit. That's the reason why a deep sea port or the modernization of Chitchatting sea port can have a better prospect it can be both economically beneficiary and strategically an important point. Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan are landlocked countries in this region.Bangladesh can benefit tremendously through opening up transit and great opportunities for crossing from east to west and giving the land-locked neighbors access to the sea. But it's not given proper attention like the issue related transit. As said earlier Bangladesh is virtually an â€Å"India locked† co untry; so it's almost impossible o improve connectivity excluding India. It has massive territorial depth and the biggest democratic country. India over the years has made massive progress and it's the regional super power. So, when we talk about the country that comes first is India.But India has some vulnerability that can be used in favor of Bangladesh. Bangladesh occupies an important strategic position for India. Slinger Corridor is the only access of the North Eastern state which separates Nepal from Bangladesh only by a few miles. During Indo-China war this situation became more eminent. This vulnerability is still present. Right now, anything produced in that region can't be marketed in the rest of India, due to the distance from port (Kola). From past decade, India is becoming more dependent on foreign and private investments in growth picture.But, no company will want to invest in this remote corner of the Northeast, because of the logistical problems of Sevens Sisters lin king in with the rest of India. So the only real economic future of Northeast lies in reopening its route through Bangladesh to its West and with Manner and South-East Asia to the East. For additional benefit, if they are allowed to use a Bangladesh port, the export oriented business can also come up in this region. The region is rich in energy resources, like natural gas and hydro-electricity.The economic progress in this region recent times has increased greatly and has become a real headache for the Indian government. It's now creating a threat for national integrity. It's obvious that the insurgency is not going to stop until a drastic economic development take place. But Indian government is finding it hard without the access of Bangladesh. Many in India perceived Bangladesh as an â€Å"economic bridge† between Indian's north-eastern states and the rest of the country. For India, it makes extremely good economic sense to be able to use a corridor to its northeastern stat es.It would spare them constructing a long and tortuous road through hostile territory, infested with insurgents of many hues. It had been estimated – in the ‘ass – that construction of new tracks would cost RSI. 2 core per kilometer. It would cost many times more that amount now. For India, access through Bangladesh makes extremely good economic sense to be able to use a corridor to its northeastern states. India has to across Kim to passage its goods & passengers from its mainland to its north-eastern dates, which is expensive & time consuming as well as inefficient in economic sense.If Bangladesh allows transit, India will require to across only km to complete same job. The Chitchatting port can become a modern busy port like Singapore serving the SCARS countries and even China. Huge foreign investment may be attracted to Bangladesh and finally a throbbing service sector like banks, insurance, hotels, rest houses, petrol pumps etc. May develop around the Tarn' s continental roads and railways. There is an estimate of direct economic gain from transit fees. It ranges from 500 core take to 4,666 core take. The last but not the least, is the mutual transit.Bangladesh, in return, will get a much shorter route to China, which already is its second largest trading partner. Unfortunately, most of the trading nowadays takes place through sea-route. The cost of import increases, as well as Bangladesh goods loose competitiveness in Chinese market. If Bangladesh wants to access South Chinese underdeveloped market, they must go through India. This was a point of concern for the Chinese delegates during Gumming initiative in 1999, an initiative to link Chinese province of Yuan with Seven Sisters of India, Manner, Thailand and Bangladesh.Better Co-operations for Connectivity South Asia inherited an integrated transport infrastructure from the British. This was fractured not only by the partition of India but by its political aftermath. The transport ne twork still continue to remain fragmented due to various historical, political and economic reasons which needs to be rebuilt within the context of greater political harmony in South Asia. The transport system of the main land countries of South Asia has developed only in a national context with little consideration given to cross border issues of compatibility, uniformity of standards in infrastructure and equipment design.It is felt that for socio-economic development if South Sais's intra-regional trade is to grow rapidly, among others, this will require integration of the transport infrastructure of the region. This calls for cooperation in the strengthening of transportation, transit and connectivity across the region, including harmonistic of standards and simplification of customs procedures and other similar trade facilitation initiatives to minimize the non-physical trade barriers in support of investment in the transport infrastructure.The decisions of Islamabad SCARS oper ation in a number of areas including strengthening transport, transit and communication links/connectivity across the region. Recognizing the importance of transport integration in South Asia, SCARS initiated the SCARS Regional Multimode Transport Study (SORTS) with the main objective of enhancing multi-modal transport connectivity among SCARS member states, so as to promote intra-regional trade. Since then the issue of connectivity has been the highlighting issue in every SCARS summit.Though the countries of this region have many things in common and there re better prospect of development through the process of connectivity; but it's the most poorly connected part of the world. For example – Bangladesh products constituted only 0. 5 percent (approximately) of total Indian imports. Indian's informal and formal exports to Bangladesh stand at around $5 billion dollars while Bangladesh exports are about $ 358 million during the financial year of 2007-08. This shows the poor con dition of connectivity.Also the imbalanced situation is eminent of trade between the small country (Bangladesh) and big country (India). As aid earlier Bangladesh has a territorial advantage and India is pushing hard for the access of transport from mainland India to North-East India. So, Bangladesh can use this opportunity to gain economical balance and also to resolve her unresolved issues. One of the main obstacles for regional connectivity is the hostile relation between India and Pakistan. This hostility has made the SCARS ineffective. They are the two big powers in this region.Both of them have nuclear weapon and plays important role in the world politics. Especially India is moving fast as a regional power and also as a world power. So no progress can be made without the improvement of these two nations. Though over the years little progress has been made, but we see a kind of rational approaches from both the parties in recent time. For example-After the recent Bomb attack i n Bombay Indian unlike the previous incident did not blame Pakistan took cautious attitude . Pakistan on the other hand immediately after the attack expressed deep sympathy about the incident.Both the parties have expressed hope about continuing the ongoing peace process. This shows that they are serious about the issue and if in the future these co-operative environment progress then surely connectivity will increase in this region. Trading in transport connectivity with neighboring countries could reduce trade deficit. It is crucial to understand clearly that these transport connectivity will have no market elsewhere outside this sub-region and that these opportunities of trading in transport services may not continue long.It is also important for the sub-regional countries to recognize that no country other than Bangladesh can provide these transport connectivity and services. Issues to tackle: Politics of regional connectivity Though it's an issue which is a part of foreign poli cy, closely interlinked with economic policy, but political relation can't be separated from economic and foreign relation. It has been seen that in most case progression has been from close political relations to the deepening of economic relations.Political relationships that are not characterized by mistrust or suspicion allow first steps in economic relationship which would then expand and generate vigorous inter-state economic activities. But unfortunately this has not been the case with us. Our political culture is marked by tit India exploited by both the political parties as a political agenda. We see a lack of proper planning or commitment on the question of connectivity. All the major aspects such as-Asian Highway, Transit with china or even the Deep sea port there is clear distinction among the political parties and also among the people.Security The issue of security is closely linked with the issue of connectivity. The fear that connectivity will increase security threa t is not without basic. The north eastern region of India is a war prone area. Here the most powerful Indian forces are failing to maintain stable situation. The threat of ALFA and Moist insurgency can poise real problem for us. Also in the region of Manner there are rebel forces fighting against the Junta government. Also the religious extremist groups may misuse the connectivity. So, the security threat should be taken into consideration.Lack of infrastructure The road and ports of Bangladesh could get overcrowded, thus resulting in poor efficiency in domestic industries. Keeping in view the benefits, it seems the above mentioned risks are too small, from economic perspective. But, a country is not made up of its economy only; it has its political, ideological and popular faces also. To sum up the whole condition, Bangladesh currently does not allow grater connectivity because of non-economic reasons. Lack of co-operation from Big Brother As we all know India at present stage has huge economic advantage with all the countries of this region.The reason that she is pushing hard for transit is mainly for her own stake. India doesn't want to allow Bangladesh to have land route with Nepal and Bhutan which is purely for trade purpose, India shows the excuse that it goes against its territorial integrity, using the same logic Bangladesh cannot allow transit. The proposed Asian Highway route provides transit rights to India through Bangladesh because both the entry and exit are with India from Bangladesh. Bangladesh government is naturally concerned about it without reciprocal transit rights from India.It seems that this is a misplaced concern in view of the fact that at the Dacha SCARS Summit, Indian's Prime Minister made it clear that India was agreeable to provide transit rights to SCARS countries. But India is not interested to progress over the issue. The Indian proposal is not a transit facility; it is a â€Å"corridor facility† which is internationally discouraged. As said earlier Bangladesh already has huge trade deficit with India. So allowing India the access on bilateral basic has little chance through which we can get benefited.There are many unresolved issues on which India over the years has shown little interest. The worst act was the Freak barrage. Bandstand's trust in India was not honored properly. We are suffering from less supply of Ganges water than committed. BBS are killing Bangladesh without adequate reasons. Maritime boundaries need to be finalized, issues like Tailgate, demarcation of 6. Skims borders, stoppage of push-in, and Bangladesh-Nepal ND Bangladesh-Bhutan corridors can be solved without much difficulty.But in the process of connectivity mutual co-operation and trust is the key and it should be formulated through a win-win situation. Connectivity should be implemented in such a way so that all the parties can get the benefit. Conclusion: â€Å"Connectivity is the key' a popular dialogue of the present time. Day by day world is getting smaller through the advancement of globalization and technological connectivity. Singapore is a perfect example of connectivity and progress. â€Å"Connectivity' has worked as the key for them as key in real sense. The success story of E.IS is the perfect example of regional connectivity. This connectivity has been a trademark for the European countries. South-Asia is one of the poorest regions of the world. Being the part of world's most poorly connected region, one can obviously say that there are prospects for development through connectivity. As Bangladesh has certain benefits and strategically constitutes an important position so the connectivity can provide greater opportunity for us. But creation of a win-win situation is what that can ensure better progress and ensures equal opportunity for all countries.

Goodwill Industries Essay

Goodwill Industries are organizations for nonprofit making that provide or render employment, community based programs, placement services, and job training to individuals that cannot access proper education, disabled individuals and the unemployed. A huge network of institutions of retail thrift, that works as organizations of nonprofit organizations, sponsor goodwill industries. A large portion of goodwill industries finance is donated items from retail stores. The community’s generous donations of household items and clothing provide the store’s merchandise. Such donations are critical to goodwill industries mission of Colorado Springs, both donating and shopping in their stores, give a hand in supporting programs for workforce development that serve more than 45000 people every year in northwest N. C (Helms, 2001). Goodwill Industries are nonprofit making organizations that render or provide employment, job training, placement services and community based programs to people who have no proper access to education, to those who have a disability, unemployed. Goodwill is sponsored by a massive network of retail thrift institution which also operates as nonprofit organizations. Goodwill Industries works hand in hand with employers to identify other people who qualify for employment opportunities available at any particular time (Helms, 2001). A substantial portion of the financing of Goodwill Industries comes from the sales of donated goods in various stores. Merchandise in this stores is provided via generous donations things such as household items, clothing’s and from different communities. Such donations are critical the mission of Goodwill Industries (Moore, 2001). Goodwill Industries accepts material donations of any kind, such as cars, computers and boats. The common donations include; clothing, shoes, house wares such as dinnerware, pans and pots, kitchen utensils and flatware. Small appliances are also common donations like blenders, toasters, juicers and mixers; bicycles; toys; sporting equipment; books; collectables; furniture; tools; decorations; computers among others (Moore, 2001). Goodwill industries ensure that business operations and community activities are carried on in an environmentally favorable manner. The Industry is dedicated in turning discarded things into useable products, and where they cannot salvage an item; they ensure that thorough recycling methods are utilized (Moore, 2001). Goodwill’s Mission Goodwill industries sell donated goods. The profits generated by the sales fund training opportunities for various those with trouble in finding and keeping jobs. They also train and hire individuals with disabilities. These disabilities can be mental or physical due to lack of previous work experience, housewives re-entering the job market, outdated work skills, senior citizens, and people with limited communication skills (Moore, 2001). Goodwill Industries serve people experiencing barriers in employment and related circumstances. A barrier to employment include development age, disabilities, learning disabilities, single parenthood, lack of education, language barriers, felony history, prolonged absence from the workforce (such as disabled veterans or displaced homemakers), substance abuse, co-occurring disorders, domestic neglect or violence, homelessness, and physical challenges. These Industries serve to intervene for such people and hence contributing to economic development in the long run. The Supported Program for employment is projected for only those with significance of disability. It provides greater comprehensive support to the victims in order to increase their opportunity for being successful on their relevant job (Moore, 2001). Goodwill Industries only accepts only those items that are in excellent shape. For instance if the items include electronics they have to be fully operational. Goodwill Industry does not perform repairing services. In case it accepts non functional items without its knowledge, it contracts a salvage company to clear from its stores non working items such as radios, televisions, microwaves, cameras and similar products working order (Moore, 2001). Goodwill can offer pick up services for organizations, businesses and schools that would be interested to donate: overstock, scratch and dent, office furniture and surplus inventory. Goodwill Industries have created policies help them follow up and keep constant track of all donated items. These policies also aids in preventing frauds. To begin with, any donated goods that are yet to been processed cannot be issued or sold before they reach the relevant retail stores. After they are processed, they are distributed to store randomly (Helms, 2001). Goodwill Industries also provide career solutions for adults via various programs. These programs include, computer classes, forklift certification, job readiness sessions, Microsoft Office Suite classes, security guard training, call center training, janitorial services, counseling and job placement, customer and retail, service basics, and also transitional employment services. Goodwill determines prices of donated items by market value and competitive. However, prices at Goodwill Industries are at least 50 percent less compared to what customers would pay in other retail stores. Any states do not charge taxes on second hand goods an especially clothes which acts as a major advantage for Goodwill Industries (Helms, 2001). These industries offer retail jobs, which include; Retail sales clerks, Administrative, support staff, processors and management Youth services staff, Truck drivers/helpers Rehabilitation program aides, Adult services staff, material handlers and Donation center attendants. These employees enjoy accrued benefit such as health insurance, vacation, Competitive wages, dental insurance, holiday and a retirement plan (Helms, 2001). Goodwill Industries do not hold fundraising events or solicit cash donations, but financial donations are gratefully accepted. Most of these Industries set offer employment with higher opportunities for disabled and those with barriers to employment. Some of the services that the disabled perform include, Light Assembly, sorting, labeling and Packaging. They are also involved in: shrink Wrapping, Mailing, Blister Packing, Craft projects and Stuffing Envelopes (Keeler, 1992). Goodwill Industries strive to ensure that their stores are invariably full of fresh products. Merchandise remains in the retail stores for few weeks, and then it is marked down severally after few weeks. If the item does not sell after a given time, it is transferred to any Clearance Center where it is offered at an amount. If the items still fail to sell in the Clearance Center, they are sold in bulk to third party recyclers or recycled (Moore, 2001). Goodwill Industries make sales online. They have created online bidding sites that require bidders to register online in order to browse, place bid and be able to buy any item that is available for sale. This site normally notify bidders whenever they are outbid on an item and if they have lost or won the auction (Keeler, 1992). All activities of Goodwill and business operations are handled in a manner that they are environmentally friendly. They believe in making useable goods from discarded items, and if an item can’t be salvaged a proper method of recycling is ensured. By so doing, they are able to call themselves upstanding citizens of environment (Helms, 2001). Policy of Goodwill Industries Goodwill industries are dedicated to services delivery in an environment that is conformed to the highest standards of administration accountability, financial management, developmental training, marketing and business. Goodwill industries leadership is committed to the need to detect and prevent fraud, misappropriation of funds, fiscal management and hence maintenance and development of a corporate compliance formal program to ascertain conformance and ongoing monitoring with all regulatory requirements that are legal. Additionally, the organization is dedicated to the maintenance, implementation and establishment of a program of corporate compliance that insists on a number of things (Moore, 2001). Firstly, avoid wrong doings, which can be both unintentional or intentional, and immediate investigation and reporting of questionable practices and activities without any penalty to the party reporting. Secondly, immediate correction of any circumstance that puts the goodwill industries, its staff or leaders, consumers and sources of funding at risk (Moore, 2001). Procedures of Goodwill Industries The operations of goodwill industries entail the following procedures. The board of directors through official declaration, delegates’ general responsibility for the program of Corporate Compliance to the CEO/ President with supervisory responsibilities allocated to the Committee specifically the Finance Committee. The CEO/ Preside will assess the program of the corporate compliance of the Organization and provide regular and periodic reports to the whole Board of Directors and committee on issues relating to the program. The CEO officially delegates to the Administration and Finance Vice President as Officer of the Corporate Compliance. The Officer of Corporate compliance has various responsibilities (Moore, 2001). The first responsibility is providing staff assistance to the Financial Committee and works as the main contact point of the Organization for all issues of corporate compliance, which include coming up with recommendations to the Board of directors, the Committee and CEO/President and regular reporting on activities of compliance (Helms, 2001).. Another responsibility is to monitor, implement and develop – on a consistent and regular basis – the program corporate compliance of the organization, which include all systems and procedures, reporting and investigative processes, auditing, and external and internal monitoring (Helms, 2001). Thirdly, the committee is responsible for monitoring, coordinating and scheduling periodic and regular reviews of areas of risk by competent external and/or internal persons to the organization. These reviews will supplement the yearly audit of the organization’s system of accounting and offer an additional inner measure. This is to make sure that it complies with financial practices and policies that will endure the thorough examination of any regulatory examination or audit. Another responsibility of the committee is that it has unimpeded and directs access to the independent auditors of the organization, legal body on issues that relate to compliance of the organization, board of directors and CEO/president (Helms, 2001). The reports to the Board of directors, the committee and CEO/President will include the following, a summary of all criticisms processed in the previous twelve months in combination with the program of corporate compliance, investigations and allegations. Additionally, a description of all complete corrective accomplishments taken and thirdly, any recommendations to changes in procedures and/or policies of the organization. The summary will consist of incidents of theft of funds of Goodwill and or pattern, product of irregularities in finances, significant irregularities in accounting and/or errors, investigations of media related to ethics and confidentiality breach (Moore, 2001). Committee Formation The Board’s Finance Committee shall be in charge of oversight of all activities of Corporate Compliance. Committee members can also be part of other committees. They should not depend on management and free themselves from any association that would affect the use of their independent decision as members of the Committee. The Committee of such organization shall meet more than two years annually, and as frequent as the situation requires. The committee of goodwill industries shall keep all the meetings’ minutes to document its recommendations and activities (Moore, 2001). Primary Committee’s Goals The committee helps the Board in accomplishing its fiduciary duties relating to financial and legal compliance with applicable policies, industry guidelines laws, and regulatory requirements. Additionally, it is in charge of all practices of auditing reporting and accounting, whose goal is to reveal accurately and properly the financial condition and status of the Organization (Keeler, 1992). Another responsibility of the committee is to oversee the implementation and adoption of procedures and policies that will necessitate for the industry and its workers to comply fully with all relevant polices, regulations and laws. Moreover, it helps the board to fulfill its tasks to stakeholders that relate to integrity and quality of financial reporting, practices of financial reporting, and policies of accounting (Keeler, 1992). Duties of the Committee While the committee carries out its responsibilities and duties, it should ensure that part of its members possess expertise in the financial field. The financial experts must have a general understanding of GAAP and an understanding of statements of finance. Additionally, such persons should have an in depth understanding of preparing, analyzing, auditing, and evaluating statements of finance, which should include a level and depth of complexity of issues of accounting that are usually around six to twenty pages. These pages should be comparable to the complexity and breadth of matters that can rationally be anticipated to be introduced by the financial statements’ registrant (Helms, 2001). The financial experts should be experienced in supervising individuals taking part in these financial activities. Additionally, they should understand internal procedures and controls for financial reporting. Another duty of these experts is to have an understanding of compliance and audit functions. Moreover, they should provide ample opportunity for the external auditors to meet with committee members so that they can receive feedback on their individual compliance evaluations relating to auditing, accounting, financial, regulatory and legal practices (Helms, 2001). The financial experts meet with the financial management and independent auditors at the end of the yearly audit to review results of audit which include any recommendations or comments of the external auditors. Moreover, they evaluate changes in the applicable procedures and policies and standards of accounting. Additionally, they review the outcomes, which is included in the management letter of the independent auditors and response and actions of management to be taken. Another duty involves evaluation of the yearly statements of finance and ensures that the external auditors become satisfied with the disclosure and content and of the statements of finance. Moreover, they are in charge of the compliance program’s implementation connected to business conduct that will make sure that high conduct and ethical standards are complied with and communicated properly to all employees regularly (Moore, 2001). Adequate Documentation Policy The purpose of the policy of documentation is to ensure that all cost, accounting and financial, data based its information on adequate, verifiable and auditable documentation. The policy of all release or disclosure of statements of finance should be stated such that it does not contain false material statement, or leave out a statement of material fact. Additionally, it should reconcile the information of finance presented including the financial results and condition of business operations. Moreover, all financial and cost data should be based on statistical and financial records that can be verified. The data of cost should be relevant to an approved costing method and on accrual accounting basis (Moore, 2001). Goodwill industries prohibit material omissions and misstatements of any data that is arranged on behalf or by the organization. Additionally, presentation of cost, accounting and financial data which is misleading is not acceptable. Moreover, financial data accessible to external reports must follow GAAP. Adequate cost, accounting and financial data should be efficient and effective for the organization’s management, should be reliable in relation to applicable business concepts and should be capable of undergoing auditing. Moreover, adequate cost data must have records which support it so as to gain reimbursement by any government or agencies from which finances are gotten. The prerequisite of adequate information insists that data have sufficient details and be accurate in order to achieve the goals intended (Keeler, 1992). The financial disclosure statement policy has been introduced by goodwill industries to guarantee the integrity of disclosure of financial, annual statement. The objective of financial disclosure integrates integrity, review of any possible variance of interest between affiliates, officers and board of directors and auditor that can affect the independence of auditors (Keeler, 1992). Another objective is to promote professional competency and ethics standards, performing evaluation of a work product of auditors, and ensure capability of auditors. All these goals are intended to validate assessment of management of the performance of the organization, business trends and effects of significant accounting estimates and policies. This is highlighted as the crucial feature of annual disclosure of financial statement. This policy is intended to ensure the truth of documents of corporate finances, highlight the imprecision in all activities of reimbursement and ensure immediate remediation and disclosure of any overpayments identified (Keeler, 1992). The goodwill industries ensure that Ethics Code are adopted and applicable to each and every employee and promotes ethical and honest conduct; averting of variances of interest; timely, fair, accurate and understandable disclosure in the periodic reports of the issuer, and conformance with applicable government regulations and rules. For example, to make sure that the Colorado Springs goodwill industries’ best interests are fulfilled, the organization has introduced a policy of conflict of interest which applies to all employees, officers and directors. Additionally, the committee will oversee entire financial and other types of disclosures as stated under such a policy (Helms, 2001). Good will industries have a legal policy related to search warrants, subpoenas and other investigations. These policies provide assistance relating to how search warrants, subpoenas and other investigations are handled. This legal policy does not take care of investigations or subpoenas, which a worker may receive and which are not directly linked to their Goodwill employment. The purpose of the policy is to ensure that goodwill organizations cooperate with external audits, searches and investigations of the government. In case of an inquiry or a visit from an agency of the government related to legal documents, search warrant and subpoena is received, the CCO (Corporate compliance officer) must be notified. This officer will evaluate the document and ensure that follow up action is undertaken, including the legal CEO Counsel being notified (Moore, 2001). Members of Staff who receive an inquiry or a visit from an agency of the government regarding any Goodwill Industries should direct such a person to the CCO, and must desist from talking about business matters of the Organization with such an individual until and/or unless CCO gives such a directive. Moreover, members of staff served with a subpoena requiring them to testify on a matter linked to their employment must notify the CCO. The CCO will review the subpoena received immediately and ensure that follow up action is undertaken (Moore, 2001). In conclusion, Goodwill industries ensure that any operation that is carried out by such organization is environmentally friendly. Additionally, such industries have financial experts who ensure that the statements of finance of such organizations are not misrepresented. Therefore, goodwill companies ensure that they employ integrity in all their financial and operational activities.