Developing a Motivational Plan Essay

A motivation plan for any school is extremely important for the success of any educational program. Students who are not motivated will not learn and in turn won’t succeed. Many components should be included in a motivational plan so that all the needs of students are met and each student has goals that are attainable and can be reached. According to Hersey (2008), â€Å"Goals should be set high enough that a person has to stretch to reach them but low enough that they can be attained.† Goal setting, rewards, both tangible and non-tangible, and a sense of belonging are motivational components that should be included in a motivational plan. The first part of a motivational plan that I would feel essential for my school would be goal setting. At the current school that I work at, I feel like this is a missing part of our motivational plan and it greatly affects our students. Without goals, the students don’t know what they are working towards, this creates confusion and a detachment from the meaning of education. Although some students may set personal goals, I feel like it’s important for there to be group goals so that the students can work together to achieve them and be more motivated. Goals should be set high, but not so high that students can’t achieve them. Goals that are too high would do the opposite of motivate, it would create despair and students would give up eventually because they would know that their effort is not worthwhile. Setting goals that are attainable will motivate students and will give students the confidence that they need to continue their efforts in reaching additional goals. If students know that they can reach a goal, something that is attainable and reachable, they’ll be more motivated to try so that they can have that feeling of accomplishment. Another important aspect of goal setting is that the goals are changed and updated frequently so that students constantly have something to work for. Once a student achieves a particular goal, the motivation will be gone unless they have something else to work towards, something else to motivate them. Hersey (2008) also supports this idea by stating, â€Å"Once the child becomes proficient in attaining a particular goal, it becomes appropriate for the parent to provide an opportunity for the child to identify and set new goals.† So, it’s my plan to work with the students to create attainable goals frequently so that students have constant motivation and something that they can always work towards. I believe that goal setting is a major component of any motivation plan and this will be the main focus behind mine. I feel that it’s extremely important that students have goals and something to work towards, otherwise there will be no motivation behind their actions. The second component of my motivation plan will be tangible and intangible rewards. Students will work towards something and be more motivated if they receive something in return. This is similar to why anyone get a job. They work hard and complete actions in order to receive the tangible reward of money and the intangible reward of accomplishment. Students are going to be more motivated and work harder if they will get something in return for their hard work, whether it’s intangible like a feeling, or tangible, like good grades or rewards. â€Å"It is no surprise, then, that to improve academic achievement of middle school students, successful programs incorporate the social contexts for both intrinsic motivation and internalized extrinsic motivation† (Wilson & Corpus, 2001). Although studies have shown that extrinsic rewards are only beneficial short term and can be detrimental in long term situations, (Corpus &Wilson, 2001), I believe that every now and then a tangible reward is needed and can result is a positive outcome and increased motivation. An example of this is a current motivational strategy that we use at my current school regarding awards for good grades, citizenship, and good attendance. Students get awards every semester for achieving milestones in these categories and I believe that it does increase student motivation. If a student is close to the end of the semester and has a B+ in one class, they will are motivated to raise that one grade in order to get the highest award presented to them in front of their parents, teachers, and students, since we do the award ceremony during the school day. I have personally seen the motivation that is created by these awards and I plan to include this in my motivational plan as well. Intangible awards can also be very successful in creating motivation and are more beneficial long term although short term effects may not be as common as with the tangible rewards. Students respond to intrinsic rewards like praise, self assurance, and accomplishment. â€Å"There are, however, many intangible rewards, such as praise or power, that are just as important and effective for use as incentives when endeavoring to evoke a particular behavior† (Hersey, 2008). To incorporate this into my plan I would like to see more praise for good behavior, as well as giving students more choices in the classroom. By giving students choices, they will feel more empowered by their choice and feel more accomplished when they achieve it, resulting in increase motivation. Finally, I would like to see a good sense of community and belonging in my school community. According to Glasser (1985), the five basic needs common to all people are the need for belonging, power, fun, freedom, and survival. With a sense of belonging, students will have more ownership over their behavior and will be more motivated to succeed. It’s been my experience that students that are out-casts aren’t motivated to succeed because they have no reason to, no one to share their success with. The opposite would happen if students feel like they belong and have someone to share their motivation and success with. Overall, more than one component is important to any successful motivational plan. My plan will focus on goal setting, rewards, and a sense of belonging or community within my school. With these factors I hope that my students will be motivated to learn and become better students and people. It’s my belief that although many factor are essential to a motivation plan, it’s crucial that goals are set so that students have something to work towards. Without a goal to work towards, students won’t feel like they have a reason to be motivated. These are the components that will be included in my motivational plan for my future school.

Philosophy of Education

My philosophy of education is based on the ideas that I have about education that are framing my critical goals as an educator at this moment. As a teacher I believe that it is important to be aware of the individual needs, strengths and abilities of each of my students. With this awareness, I will be able to challenge each student in what Vygotsky calls their â€Å"zone of proximal development. † At the same time, I will use this information to help build the self-esteem of each child, by creating experiences in which he or she will be successful while growing as a learner. Further, I believe that as a teacher I should focus on the whole child and not just teaching a particular subject matter. As a result I do believe that I should divorce their academic lives from their personal lives. Therefore I will utilize methods and strategies that caters to the child’s interpersonal, social and emotional needs. As a teacher at the elementary level I recognize that I should strive to help my students make interdisciplinary connections. Not only should the various subject areas be connected, but also what the child learns in school must have some relevance or importance in the child's experience of the world. One of my primary goals as a teacher is making sure that students are questioning the phenomena in their worlds, and learning to analyze and think critically about their worlds. This goal holds important for any discipline area, be it science, math, social studies or language. I will strive to create a safe classroom environment which is conducive to learning, where students may take risks and be supported by their peers and teacher. I will also strive to At the same time, it is my responsibility to ensure that my lessons are not limited to the child's direct experience but is striving to give each child a broader global view. In addition I see multiculturalism, as a process that consumes the classroom and should be embraced by the teacher. Rather than simply being an additive item in the classroom, multiculturalism should consist of critical and analytical thinking and building multiple perspectives on the worlds. Finally, children need to be active and involved in the classroom, instead of being passive receptacles of knowledge. They should be constructing knowledge and involved in activities that engage all of their senses and modalities. Therefore, in my planning I try to ensure that that lessons are geared at allowing students to take responsibility for their learning. Aha Moment! Throughout the early stages of my teaching practicum experience, all of my assessors kept on singing the same tune; plan more activities for your students; get them involved. Though my lessons were well planned, they lacked student centred activities and as a result I noted that my students seemed very quiet, docile and lacked interest in what I was trying to teach them. Upon reflection of my lessons I realized that I could do much more to make the teaching –learning experience more meaningful and fun for the students. I then decided to take a different approach towards my lesson planning. Instead of planning lessons that were teacher centred, I began to make the focus of my lessons be the students; as it rightfully should. From the moment that I began to plan lessons that were more student centred, I noticed a drastic change in my students’ behaviour, demeanour and their general response as the lesson progressed. My first aha moment came during a science lesson on the five senses. Throughout that lesson, from start to finish the students were actively engaged in building their own knowledge (add something about schemas here) The students were excited, energetic, they came alive and were very eager to learn more about the topic. After the lesson was finished the students wanted to know when the next science class was going to be and what they would be doing. It was then that I realized that I had the students where I wanted them to be; captivated and engrossed in what was happening in and around the classroom. It was as if all of their senses had been awakened to the teaching-learning experience. Through my ‘aha’ moments I was reminded of the old adage which says we remember 10% of what we hear, 15% of what we see, 20% of what we both see and hear, 40% of what we discuss with others, 80% of what we experience directly and 90% of what we attempt to teach others. Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is based on the ideas that I have about education that are framing my critical goals as an educator at this moment. As a teacher I believe that it is important to be aware of the individual needs, strengths and abilities of each of my students. With this awareness, I will be able to challenge each student in what Vygotsky calls their â€Å"zone of proximal development. † At the same time, I will use this information to help build the self-esteem of each child, by creating experiences in which he or she will be successful while growing as a learner. Further, I believe that as a teacher I should focus on the whole child and not just teaching a particular subject matter. As a result I do believe that I should divorce their academic lives from their personal lives. Therefore I will utilize methods and strategies that caters to the child’s interpersonal, social and emotional needs. As a teacher at the elementary level I recognize that I should strive to help my students make interdisciplinary connections. Not only should the various subject areas be connected, but also what the child learns in school must have some relevance or importance in the child's experience of the world. One of my primary goals as a teacher is making sure that students are questioning the phenomena in their worlds, and learning to analyze and think critically about their worlds. This goal holds important for any discipline area, be it science, math, social studies or language. I will strive to create a safe classroom environment which is conducive to learning, where students may take risks and be supported by their peers and teacher. I will also strive to At the same time, it is my responsibility to ensure that my lessons are not limited to the child's direct experience but is striving to give each child a broader global view. In addition I see multiculturalism, as a process that consumes the classroom and should be embraced by the teacher. Rather than simply being an additive item in the classroom, multiculturalism should consist of critical and analytical thinking and building multiple perspectives on the worlds. Finally, children need to be active and involved in the classroom, instead of being passive receptacles of knowledge. They should be constructing knowledge and involved in activities that engage all of their senses and modalities. Therefore, in my planning I try to ensure that that lessons are geared at allowing students to take responsibility for their learning. Aha Moment! Throughout the early stages of my teaching practicum experience, all of my assessors kept on singing the same tune; plan more activities for your students; get them involved. Though my lessons were well planned, they lacked student centred activities and as a result I noted that my students seemed very quiet, docile and lacked interest in what I was trying to teach them. Upon reflection of my lessons I realized that I could do much more to make the teaching –learning experience more meaningful and fun for the students. I then decided to take a different approach towards my lesson planning. Instead of planning lessons that were teacher centred, I began to make the focus of my lessons be the students; as it rightfully should. From the moment that I began to plan lessons that were more student centred, I noticed a drastic change in my students’ behaviour, demeanour and their general response as the lesson progressed. My first aha moment came during a science lesson on the five senses. Throughout that lesson, from start to finish the students were actively engaged in building their own knowledge (add something about schemas here) The students were excited, energetic, they came alive and were very eager to learn more about the topic. After the lesson was finished the students wanted to know when the next science class was going to be and what they would be doing. It was then that I realized that I had the students where I wanted them to be; captivated and engrossed in what was happening in and around the classroom. It was as if all of their senses had been awakened to the teaching-learning experience. Through my ‘aha’ moments I was reminded of the old adage which says we remember 10% of what we hear, 15% of what we see, 20% of what we both see and hear, 40% of what we discuss with others, 80% of what we experience directly and 90% of what we attempt to teach others.

Acca F6

Taxation (Malaysia) Monday 1 December 2008 Time allowed Reading and planning: Writing: 15 minutes 3 hours ALL FIVE questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Tax rates and allowances are on pages 2–3. Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor. During reading and planning time only the question paper may be annotated. You must NOT write in your answer booklet until instructed by the supervisor. This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Paper F6 (MYS) Fundamentals Level – Skills Module 8D–MYSTT Paper F6MYS SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONS . 2. 3. Calculations and workings should be made to the nearest RM. All apportionments should be made to the nearest whole month. All workings should be shown. TAX RATES AND ALLOWANCES The following tax rates, allowances and values are to be used in answering the questions. Income tax rates Resident individual Chargeable income Band Cumulati ve RM RM 2,500 2,500 2,500 5,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 35,000 15,000 50,000 20,000 70,000 30,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 Excess Tax payable Rate Cumulative % RM 10 0 11 25 13 475 17 1,525 13 3,475 19 7,275 24 14,475 27 54,975 28 Resident company Paid up ordinary share capitalFirst RM500,000 20% 26% RM2,500,000 or less More than RM2,500,000 Non-resident Company Individual Excess over RM500,000 26% 26% 26% 28% Personal deductions Self Self – additional if disabled Spouse Spouse – additional if disabled Child – basic rate Child – higher rate Disabled child Life insurance premiums and approved scheme contributions Medical expenses for parents Medical expenses for serious disease of self, spouse or child, including up to RM500 for medical examination Basic supporting equipment for self, spouse, child or parent if disabled Educational and medical insurance for self, spouse or childStudy course fees for skills or qualifications Purchase of a personal computer Pur chase of books, magazines etc for personal use Purchase of sports equipment Deposit for a child into the National Education Savings Scheme 2 maximum maximum RM 8,000 6,000 3,000 3,500 1,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 5,000 maximum maximum maximum maximum maximum maximum maximum maximum 5,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 300 3,000 8D–MYSTT Paper F6MYS Rebates Individual with chargeable income not exceeding RM35,000 Basic rate Rate for an individual entitled to a deduction for a spouse or a former wife RM 350 700Value of benefits in kind Car and fuel scale Cost of car (when new) RM Up to 50,000 50,001 to 75,000 75,001 to 100,000 100,001 to 150,000 150,001 to 200,000 200,001 to 250,000 250,001 to 350,000 350,001 to 500,000 500,001 and above Prescribed annual value of private usage of car RM 1,200 2,400 3,600 5,000 7,000 9,000 15,000 21,250 25,000 Fuel per annum RM 600 900 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 The value of the car benefit equal to half the prescribed annual value (ab ove) is taken if the car provided is more than five (5) years old, but the value of fuel provided remains unchanged.Household furnishings, apparatus and appliances RM per month Semi-furnished with furniture in the lounge, dining room, or bedroom 70 Semi-furnished with furniture as above plus air-conditioners, and/or curtains and carpets 140 Fully furnished premises 280 Domestic help 400 Gardener 300 Driver 600 Telephone (fixed or mobile): RM per annum 300 300 Hardware Bills Capital allowances Industrial buildings Plant and machinery – general Motor vehicles, heavy machinery Computers, information technology equipment and computer software Office equipment, furniture and fittings Initial Rate % 10 20 20 20 20 Annual Rate % 14 20 40 10 Sales tax and service tax rates Rate % 10 5 Sales tax Service tax 3 [P. T. O. 8D–MYSPA Paper F6MYS 8D–MYSAA Paper F6MYS ALL FIVE questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted 1 James and Carol are husband and wife. James is disable d. The income and expenses of James and Carol for the year ended 31 December 2008 are expected to be as follows: RM James Employment – Salary 35,000 Carol Partnership business – Statutory income Employment – Salary Travelling allowance 4,350 16,600 3,000 James incurred expenses as follows: Donation to an approved institution Contributions to Employees Provident FundMedical examination for self Medical expenses for his father Fees for his part-time course in Islamic financing at a university in Kuala Lumpur, recognised by the Government Carol incurred expenses as follows: Contributions to Employees Provident Fund Medical expense on cancer treatment for herself Medical expenses for her mother Basic supporting equipment for her disabled father Travelling expenses incurred in the course of her work 2,600 3,850 400 1,300 1,100 2,156 2,700 900 3,600 4,000 Required: (a) Compute the couple’s tax payable for the year of assessment 2008 under joint assessment: (i) ssuming that James made the election; and (ii) assuming that Carol made the election. (12 marks) (12 marks) Notes: (1) You should use two columns, one each for (i) and (ii) above. (2) You should indicate, by using the word ‘nil’, any expense item that does not qualify for personal relief. (3) Marks will be awarded for the use of accurate technical terms to describe the figures comprising the stages in the computation of chargeable income. (b) (i) Based on your tax computations in part (a), state which spouse should make the election for joint assessment and why. (1 mark) ii) Analyse, quantify and summarise the tax saving resulting from making the election you have specified in (i) above over the alternative election. (5 marks) (30 marks) 4 This is a blank page Question 2 begins on page 6 5 [P. T. O. 8D–MYSAB Paper F6MYS 2 Beauty Sdn Bhd, a resident company with a paid up ordinary share capital of RM2 million, is engaged in the manufacture of cosmetic products. Th e company’s profit and loss account for the year ended 31 October 2008 is as follows: Note RM000’s 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 2,300 388 461 700 7 (2) 164 618 (177) 66 2,675 –––––– Sales Cost of sales Gross profitLess: Remuneration Contributions to approved schemes Entertainment Royalty Penalty for late payment of withholding tax on royalty Gain on disposal of a van Repairs and maintenance Depreciation Bad debt recovery Lease rentals Advertising 7 8 RM000’s 27,800 (11,200) –––––––– 16,600 (7,200) –––––––– 9,400 –––––––– Profit before taxation Notes: (1) Remuneration includes: RM 114,000 400,000 Salaries of disabled employees Entertainment allowance to senior management (2) Contributions to approved schemes comprise: RM 276,000 112,000 ––––â⠂¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œ 388,000 –––––––– Employees Provident Fund Beauty Sdn Bhd schemeThe company contributes 12% to the Employees Provident Fund for all employees and an additional 8% to the Beauty Sdn Bhd scheme in respect of the remuneration of RM1,000,000 and the entertainment allowance of RM400,000 paid to senior management executives. (3) Entertainment includes the cost of launching new products amounting to RM38,000. (4) A royalty amounting to RM630,000 net of the 10% withholding tax was paid to a non-resident on 15 September 2008, in respect of the new products. The amount of the withholding tax and the related penalty remain unpaid. (5) Gain on disposal of a vanA van was disposed of in August 2008 for RM36,000. The van had been purchased in December 2005 for RM65,000. (6) Repairs and maintenance includes costs of renovation to the company’s office building amounting to RM58,000. The reason for this expend iture was to provide a safe workplace for disabled workers. (7) The bad debt recovery is in respect of a trade debt taken over from another company carrying on the same business, three years ago. (8) Lease rentals are in respect of a motor vehicle costing in excess of RM150,000. The lease rentals commenced on 1 December 2007 at RM6,000 per month for a period of 30 months. 8D–MYSAB Paper F6MYS (9) Other information (i) A sum of RM60,000 was incurred on alterations to the company’s factory building, in order to install general machinery costing RM340,000. (ii) A sum of RM810,000 was incurred on cutting the land in order to prepare a site to install heavy machinery costing RM190,000. (iii) For the year of assessment 2008, capital allowances for plant and machinery will amount to RM849,000 and industrial building allowances to RM295,000, excluding any allowances or adjustments attributable to the capital expenditure referred to in (i) and (ii) above.Required: (a) Compute t he tax payable by Beauty Sdn Bhd for the year of assessment 2008. Note: your computation should start with the profit before taxation figure and follow the descriptions used in the notes to the profit and loss account, indicating ‘nil’ in the appropriate column for any item that does not require adjustment. (18 marks) (b) Explain your treatment of the items stated below: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) approved schemes (note 2); disposal of a van (note 5); renovations to the office building (note 6); lease rentals (note 8); and he expenditure incurred in respect of the heavy machinery and its installation (note 9 (ii)). (7 marks) (25 marks) 7 [P. T. O. 8D–MYSAC Paper F6MYS 3 Freshgreen Sdn Bhd is in the business of cultivating vegetables. The adjusted income of the company for the year ended 30 June 2008, before taking into account the following, amounted to RM563,000. The information given below relates to the business activities of the company during the financial year s 2007 and 2008: Date July 2006 July 2006 July 2006 September 2006 Expenditure Cost of land Construction of: – roads and bridges farm house for business (note 1) – living quarters for workers Cost of lorry (note 2) Cost of general machinery RM 350,000 34,000 38,000 72,000 64,000 87,000 Notes: (1) The farm is situated in a remote area, thus the buildings on the farm have no value other than for the working of the farm. (2) The lorry was bought under a hire purchase agreement. The company made an initial payment of RM18,000 in July 2006. The balance was paid over a period of 23 months at RM2,200 per month, inclusive of interest of RM200 per month. The instalment payments commenced on 1 August 2006.In July 2007 the company carried out planting of crops and incurred RM19,000 on clearing land and RM161,000 on fertiliser and seedlings. In January 2008 the company carried out replanting of crops and incurred the following expenses: RM 22,000 115,000 7,000 Clearing land Fertil iser and seedlings Labour In March 2008 Freshgreen Sdn Bhd disposed of the following assets on which agriculture allowance had been claimed in the previous years: Assets Store Living quarters for employees Date of construction 1 January 2005 6 August 2005 Cost RM 25,000 60,000The store and the living quarters were disposed of for RM10,000 and RM35,000 respectively. Required: (a) Compute the agriculture allowance and capital allowance under Schedule 3, Income Tax Act, that can be claimed by Freshgreen Sdn Bhd for the year of assessment 2008. (10 marks) (b) Compute the statutory income of Freshgreen Sdn Bhd for the year of assessment 2008. (7 marks) (c) Compute the agriculture charge on the basis that Freshgreen Sdn Bhd made an election to spread the charge, under para 27, Schedule 3, Income Tax Act, clearly indicating the years of assessment affected. 3 marks) Note: the rates of agriculture allowance are as follows: Rate 50% 50% 50% 20% 10% Clearing and preparing land Planting of cro ps Construction of roads and bridges on a farm Construction of living quarters for workers Construction of buildings (20 marks) 8 8D–MYSAD Paper F6MYS 4 (a) (i) For the year of assessment 2008 Cik Lee has income from three sources: employment, business and the rental of property. Required: State, with explanations, the provisions of the law applicable to Cik Lee in respect of the payment of tax for the year of assessment 2008. (3 marks) ii) Encik Koon is expected to have the following income for the year of assessment 2008: RM 180,000 130,000 310,000 10,000 300,000 57,500 Statutory income from employment Statutory income from a partnership business Aggregate income Approved donations Total income Tax payable For the year of assessment 2008, in addition to the tax deducted from his remuneration under the Schedular Tax Deduction (STD) system, Encik Koon paid tax instalments amounting to RM12,000, as per his application to the Director General of Inland Revenue, to vary the amou nt of his payment.Required: Compute the penalty, if any, resulting from the application by Encik Koon to vary the instalment amounts. (6 marks) (b) Encik Smith is employed as a service director of a company and his salary is RM180,000 per annum. Encik Smith is provided with unfurnished living accommodation for which the company pays rent amounting to RM60,000 per annum. Encik Smith is not provided with a company car but he has been given the option of: (i) a driver provided by the company; or (ii) the reimbursement of the driver’s salary amounting to RM15,600 per annum. Required:State, with explanations and supporting calculations, which of the above options Encik Smith should choose from a tax perspective. (6 marks) (15 marks) 9 [P. T. O. 8D–MYSAA Paper F6MYS 5 (a) Chongdart Sdn Bhd is a licensed manufacturer in the business of making computer tables. The company’s records for the period from 1 July to 31 August 2008 show the following: Sale of 1,200 tables at RM40 each excluding sales tax, of which 900 were sold to customers in Malaysia and 300 were exported to China. Purchase of the following raw materials and component parts: Castors for table legs including sales taxLocks for drawers, imported from Thailand Rollers for pull-out shelf and drawers, purchased from Heng Sdn Bhd, a licensed manufacturer Paint for painted finish undertaken by a subcontractor RM 3,000 2,300 6,400 5,100 None of the above items are exempt from sales tax. Chongdart Sdn Bhd obtained the approval of the Director General of Customs and Excise for the import of the locks from Thailand and the purchase of the rollers from Heng Sdn Bhd. The subcontractor was exempt from licensing in view of the fact that its annual sales turnover does not exceed RM20,000. The appropriate rate of refund under the credit system is 8%.Required: State the particulars which Chongdart Sdn Bhd must disclose in the sales tax return, Form CJP No. 1, for the taxable period 1 July to 31 August 2008, together with the due date of payment of the tax to the Director General of Customs and Excise. (5 marks) (b) AB Sdn Bhd, a firm of licensed surveyors, issued an invoice to Buildup Sdn Bhd, on 4 March 2007, for surveying work amounting to RM15,000, disbursements amounting to RM950 and the service tax payable. In April 2007 Buildup Sdn Bhd paid a sum of RM10,400 for the full amount of the disbursements and 60% of the fees, including the service tax thereon.The balance outstanding was written off as a bad debt by AB Sdn Bhd in November 2008, when Buildup Sdn Bhd went into compulsory liquidation. Required: (i) State the amount of the service tax payable by AB Sdn Bhd in respect of the above invoice, together with the due date(s) for payment of the tax to the Director General of Customs and Excise. (3 marks) (ii) Compute the amount of the service tax that AB Sdn Bhd can recover from the Director General of Customs and Excise in due course, in respect of the bad debt written off. ( 2 marks) (10 marks) End of Question Paper 10

SarbanesOxley Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SarbanesOxley Paper - Essay Example Furthermore, the law covers significant corporate issues as follows ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - SOX, Investopedia" n.d.): In view of the provisions of the SOX, companies covered are required to submit report on their internal controls to ensure that they are compliant with the law in general. As per Section 404 of the Act, Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officers must file Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the forms of which are published by the Securities and Exchange Commission. ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - SOX," n.d.) Moreover, the said section requires management to document and evaluate the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting. As part of the reports, companies must provide verification that their internal controls have been appropriately assessed. Such provisions present new challenges to businesses, particularly in terms of documentation of control procedures related to information technology.

Rappin'it up Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rappin'it up - Coursework Example Advantages and disadvantages are straightforwardly represented in the dimension of this question. Passage One names â€Å"Alcoholic Beverage Advertising Should Be Restricted† is introduced by Laurie Leiber contains a number of advantages concerning the question of restricting advertising of alcoholic beverages. He suggests the idea that alcohol-industry representatives usually claims that there are no connection between usage of alcohol and its advertising. Still, there are a number of facts that prove an opposing idea. Leiber refers to researches that demonstrate the harmful connection between alcohol usage and its advertisements. He introduces the investigation by Joel W. Grube and Lawrence Wallack that suggests the idea â€Å"that awareness of TV beer commercials leads to favorable beliefs about drinking in children 10 to 12 years old and increases their intention to drink as adults† (Leiber, n.p.). In addition, the information about alcohol-related motor-vehicle deaths â€Å"with quarterly measures for broadcast advertising in 75 media markets over a three-yea r period† (Leiber, n.p.) is admonished the tendency of supporting the restriction of alcohol beverages advertising. The second passage under consideration is represented by Robert A. Levy, and named â€Å"Alcohol Ads Do Not Promote Underage Drinking† suggests the idea that there is a number of more influencing factors concerning the increase of alcohol usage than the advertisements. He pays attention to the problem of underage consumption of alcoholic beverages. Levy introduces the concept about â€Å"the doctrine of personal accountability† and â€Å"the insidious notion that you can engage in risky behavior, then force someone else to pay for your mistakes† (n.p.). The idea that this message is more essential for the problem of usage alcohol by juvenile than any advertisement at all is appeared straightforwardly. Taking into account

Tate Modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tate Modern - Essay Example With the advent of technology it has entered the virtual world of internet and is working as a successful organization for the benefit of art and artists who are able to met their most potential buyers Rockefeller to Mittal who, consequently were the noted patron of the establishment. In general sense it could be stated that this establishment values customers who are educated and connoisseur of art. (Lamb, 2004) Louis Lozowick, Duchamp, Jackson Pollock, Myron Krueger, Anja Kroencke and ceramic artists like Peter Voulkos, Paul Soldner, Robert Arneson, Viola Frey and Bennet Bean are the most popular artists at Tate Moder. Among these noted artists Anja Kroencke holds a favorite position as this magnificent illustrator renowned for her outstanding fashion illustrations or more better said lifestyle illustrations. Her contribution in her field is commendable and her work includes the most identifiable masterpieces of illustrations. Anja Kroencke is well known for her distinct haughty women characters. The body proportion, body movement, faces, hands and feet, poses of the characters and the backgrounds in her drawings reflect high class, high profile modern society. Her characters (mostly women) are elegant, stylish and fashion trendy as seen from her drawings. The sophistication and the elegance of her lines and the zing in her works of art have given Anja Kroencke a distinct and remarkable po sition in the field of illustration. Her drawings are incredibly pure, playing with measured degree of black & white and color producing visible contrasts between wide stretches of pure white and vast regions of velvety shadows. (King, 2006) It should be stated that Jackson Pollock's Convergence is one noted favorite in this context. The most important point to be noted in this respect is the amount of energy that is reflected within the parameter of this 95" x 155" inch canvas. (Samuel, 1999) To ascertain a piece of canvas to be judged as a work of art it is necessary to evoke a certain feeling within the viewers. There is no grammar involved in this part; no mathematics is needed; only the artistic sense is operational in this context from the part of the viewer. The interpretation may vary but the theme that evoked the interpretation of the viewer is all that is important to certify a painting as Art. In this context too Jackson Pollock's Convergence comes out with flying colors. (Mitra, 1985) American ceramic artist Bennett Bean lives and works in Blairstown, NJ. Bean is primarily a studio potter but is also an equally good sculptor and painter. His trademark creations include pale pit-fired pots and vessels such as bowls and teapots. Bean has confessed to having been influenced by a range of ceramic art including Japanese pottery, English pottery (such as those by Bernard Leach) Native and Modern American pottery (such as those by George Ohr). Bean is also in the habit of using other beautifying techniques such as gilding and glazing on his pots, only instead of serving as decorative measures these methods help Bean in creating the kind of space and surface he is known for. The patterns he uses comes from a collection he has built up over 20 years, many of them are influenced by the

Prolife When does life begin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Prolife When does life begin - Research Paper Example And to put forward one probable response to this query. The query will be tackled principally from a scientific point of view. Science has a large number of things to say on the subject of when human life begins, and despite the fact that it is a section that is commonly misconstrued or thrown away, there are issues scientists make out concerning human progression (Johansen 8). This information is totally pertinent to whichever debate concerning human life. Every person who takes on a rigid outlook on the subject of the making of human life has a requirement to be alert of what is deemed as scientific truth, and to give a reason for this in their viewpoint, even if they incorporate this information into a wrap up dissimilar than that of the common, scientific society. Nowadays we know much more regarding the physical facets of human life than we distinguished even five years ago. It is reckless to keep on debating over the same matters, to select, to outline laws, and to arrive at ethical conclusions, exclusive of at least trying to acce ss the riches of information obtainable. Science necessitates not be in disagreement with individual or spiritual certainties. Science explores realism it looks for realistic and indubitable truths; accuracy is steady, and thus each piece of scientific know-how fits into one of two classifications: either it assists to clarify the truth, or it is in inaccuracy and thus it is technically defective and will in due course be invalidated. That is the magnificence of science: idyllically it is self-approving. Refuting an established theory is as a lot, if not more, of a scientific achievement than adding supporting substantiation. An elementary intention of science is to prove itself mistaken, and that is why it is such an idea area from which to collect information (Johansen 12). Proper science has no reason to misinform. The

The Influence Of Music On Society Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Influence Of Music On Society - Term Paper Example We start of with the positive influence music has on society members. Music is a unique and magical entity that has the power to change anything and everything. Music has the power to make people laugh, cry, feel excited, smile, sad and even change the way we understand various societal issues (Meyer, 1994). It is full of so much emotion and thus writers and artists find their aspirations drawn of the music they listen to. Music also influences the musicians to turn to other areas of their creativity. Throughout history the highly evocative language of music has had powerful influences on individuals and societies. Music has the power to express, illicit and convey powerful emotions thus the music’s moral and ethical power and how that power affects individuals and societies should receive optimum attention in our post modern society. The moral and ethical power of music in ancient societies was held with strong beliefs and therefore imperative for artists to exercise a certain level of moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. Music is a unifying entity in the society and acts as a socializing tool in the society. During music performances, members of the society interact and share ideas with each other. This enhances social cohesion and unites the society (Cope, 1978). Through music, different cultural societies have come together and resolved their differences. Also the message in the music may be that of uniting the society therefore uniting the society. Music has served to educate the society of their cultural background. When the traditional songs are played with a cultural message, the young members of the society get to know the way of life of the past generation. The classical music has revealed to the young people the living styles as well as the thoughts of the past generations. In so doing, we are able to estimate and analyze the progress we have made either negatively or positively. In the

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - The ways it has been changed Essay

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - The ways it has been changed - Essay Example There is tremendous reason to expect that the development of information technology will considerably affect the trade-offs intrinsic in various structures for organizing work, the theoretical basis for these changes remains badly understood. According to the website som.csudh.edu, in the age of information, technology is in the forefront in the way we work and communicate. Many companies must now conform to the needs of many to satisfy the few. No longer is money the only criteria for companies to survive. Challenges such as global competition, technological innovation and customer service persist more so today than any other era. In order for the companies to exist in the industry and preserve what they can, they have taken a bold step in reorienting themselves. One way of doing this is through the use of Information Technology (IT) which can be defined as "computer and telecommunications hardware and software that aid in the processing, collection, and transmission of text, voice, and pictorial information" (Lahti, 1994, p. 1). With this technology, I as an employee can do my work virtually anywhere and at anytime that IT allows. The fundamentals of technology allow me to explore many ways of providing accurate and ac cessible information. The organization must form an infrastructure that will be incorporated into the corporations for its survival. Technology has played a most important role in shaping an organizational structure and processes, and is one of the main catalysts for organizational change. Technological innovation in the factory and office has accelerated lately and foreign competitors have been adopting these innovations promptly and effectively. Unless, companies do the same, they will be at huge disadvantage. Many of the barriers to effective use of new technology are managerial and organizational, rather than technological. For instance in my work we are still semi-computerized, we are still using manual operation in some instances, because of that our report used in meetings or for decision making is not updated. This means that organizational structure is directly associated to the usefulness of technology. The terms, organizational structure and information technology, are subject to various interpretations. Management teams in the 1980's keenly anticipated that new technology would answer the organization problems. Information technology, a term broadly used, is seldom defined. Information refers to the use of two or more elements of data. Information is subject to broad interpretation. In most organizations, on the other hand, data and information are used interchangeability. Organization refers to a group of people working together towards a common goal or objective. Structure is the summary of the ways in which a firm's labor is directed and coordinated into tasks. This definition of organization leads to the supposition that there exists a division of labor. The classical organizational model, the Elite model, was constructed over 50 years ago. Some organizations still follow this model that stresses stability, centralization, division of labor, and command and control. Technology has also influenced the organizational structure. Organizations of the past had cultures that reflect the values of bigness, hierarchy, and rigidity, have little craving to upgrade their technological equipment. Because of these unyielding and inflexible hierarchical structures, U.S.

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Marketing Plan - Essay Example First and foremost, marketing research should be carried out in order to establish the targeted customers. In this case, the target market includes the young and old people who are conscious about their health care issues. This will help us to establish the major threats and opportunities that might be faced by the product. This is followed by setting the marketing objective of this new product. In this case, the main objective is to achieve 10 % of the market share in the beverages industry during the first year of the product launch. The marketing strategy will involve the careful use of a marketing mix of price, product, place and promotion. When the marketing strategy has been outlined, then it is turned into specific action programs. This includes outlining the tasks and the people who will perform them in order to achieve the stated objectives. After implementation of this particular marketing plan, the company formulates control measures with the aim to monitor progress and to allow management to review implementation results and identify the areas that would be performing poorly. This ought to be an ongoing process. The first goal is customer satisfaction. The company targets to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction and improving on it every year. In so doing, the company aims at maximizing on opportunities for repeat business. In all cases, if a customer is satisfied by the goods offered in a company, they will be the biggest marketing tool since they will spread the word about goods and services. The second goal is to achieve good planning and reporting systems. This will help the company attract more investors and lenders hence, will serve top guide as a building pillar for the company. The third goal is employee training and development. This will help the company achieve maximum input and output from its employees. It facilitates efficiency such that things are done according

The location of businesses Essay Example for Free

The location of businesses Essay Businesses can choose where to locate. Sometimes choice of location is critical. In other cases it is less important. What is the difference? And what happens when a right choice suddenly becomes a wrong choice? Factors influencing location Every business locates where it thinks it will be successful. If you remember that businesses need:   staff to work there   raw materials to produce finished products * customers   to keep their costs as low as possible then their reasons for choosing a particular location begin to make sense. Local labour supply All organizations need to be able to employ staff. So it makes sense to locate where people live. A factory in a remote part of the Scottish Highlands would have trouble finding anyone to work there. Motorway service stations have to pay to transport their staff from local towns and villages to the station itself, a cost which other businesses can avoid. The factors which influence a particular area are often local skills and cost of labour. Local skills In some parts of the country particular skills are a tradition. If you wanted to set up a business making pottery you would be sensible to locate in the Midlands, around Stoke-On-Trent. If you wanted to make cutlery, then Sheffield is the place. If you were making boots or shoes then Northamptonshire is the area for you. Probably the most famous examples today are in the United States. Silicon Valley and Seattle are renowned for their computer industries, so this is where whiz-kid programmers head for. California is the home of the film industry, so if you were keen to work on special effects and digital technology, this is where you would go. Britains Silicon Valley is located along the M4. The area is also famous for Formula One motor racing firms. Scotland has its own Silicon Glen and Cambridge is building a reputation for and is now known as Silicon Fen. Firms wanting to specialize in these particular industries know that if they locate in these areas they will be able to recruit staff with skills they need. The City Of London is renowned for its financial skills and expertise, so this is where you would find large international banks, stockbrokers and insurance firms. Other firms dont need particular skills or maybe willing to train unskilled staff. Firms doing light assembly work often locate where there is a ready supply of cheap (often female) labour. Many of these have set up where traditional industries, such as mining, have closed. Areas with high unemployment have lower wage rates the competition for jobs keeps wage rates down. At the north of Celynen Colliery in Wales, Aiwa employs 1,000 people making videos and in the Rhondda Valley the heart of the old Welsh mining industry Taxdata employs 250 people making CD packaging. In the Dearne Valley in South Yorkshire, at a former colliery, over 2,000 people work for Ventura part of the Next group companies. Ventura is a call centre and mail-handling company which handles over seven million customer accounts for various clients such as Cellnet and the Cooperative bank. Call centres employ operators equipped with a computer and telephone whose task is to answer telephone enquiries or telephone existing or potential customers to generate more sales for companies. Today approximately 150,000 people in the UK work in call centres. Most of these are located in parts of the country where wage rates are lower. However, in some places, such as Tyneside, Leeds and Glasgow, where many call centres have been set up, competition for experienced is now increasing and pay rates are rising. So the pool of skilled labour in the area is affecting the cost for firms. The cost of labour will always be more important to businesses that are more labour intensive than those which are capital intensive. A labour intensive is one which needs a higher number of staff such as call centres or schools and colleges. A capital intensive business is one where machines or technology do most of the work as in a modern electricity generating plant. Here the cost of labour is less important in the choice of location. The Cost of Premises The cost of premises is determined by the forces of demand and supply. The greater the demand for premises and the fewer there are available the higher the cost. For that purpose, premises in city centres especially in London are much more expensive than the cost of premises in the suburbs or in the regions. For example, the lease of a large store (60,000 square feet) in Oxford Street, London, was on sale for i 12,000,000 in 1997! This is because Oxford Street is a prime site in a town a large high street store would be less but not cheap. In 1997, Mark Spencer bought 19 high street stores from Littlewoods for i 192,500,000, paying over the odds for the stores it wanted. They were actually valued at around i 80,000,000. Premises on major town centre shopping routes are always more expensive than on secondary side streets simply because shoppers stay on the high street. Areas of high employment with a surplus of skilled labour Newbury, in Berkshire, is a typical example are more expensive places to locate than areas where unemployment is high and the area depressed, as in some parts of the north east. The result is that companies that have no reason to locate in London or the south east will move to other towns and cities. Those businesses which arent dependant on passing trade will locate outside town and city centres in cheaper areas or on industrial estates. Within Britain, many local authorities offer packages to encourage businesses to locate in their area. They may offer financial assistance for large firms and reduced rents for small enterprises. Specialist rental and leasing companies will offer attractive packages enabling businesses to locate easily in special workspace sites, office complexes, business or retail centres. Some centres are managed with a central reception area, business services and shared meeting rooms. Retail units may be available on short-term license agreements, payable weekly. All these attract organizations to locate where costs will be lowest and where, hopefully, they will be able to expand their business without substantially increasing their costs. Financial Help from the Government If you live in London, south-east, or the east of England (e. g. Norwich), then you live in an officially prosperous area. If you live anywhere else, the situation is different, although in Scotland, Northern-Ireland, the West-Midlands and the south-west, prosperity rose above the UK average between 1986 and 1996. However the north-east, north-west, Yorkshire and Humberside, the East-Midlands and Wales all declined below the national average. The European Union and the government are concerned about such inequalities. They would like all regions to be equally prosperous. For some time in the UK there have been assisted areas. These are areas of Britain where regional aid may be given under European Community law. Regional Selective Assistance (RSA) is the main form of such an aid in Britain. This is a discretionary grant awarded to support a project which will stimulate employment opportunities, increase regional competitiveness and improve prosperity. Between 1985 and 1988, the scheme created 100,000 jobs, reducing employment by 0. 5 per cent in the Assisted Areas, at a cost of i 130,000,000 a year. In 1998 the European guidelines on regional aid changed and all member states were asked to propose new Assisted Areas to operate from 1st January 2000. In July 1999 the Department of Trade and Industry put forward the new proposals which included the following.   Tier One (maximum) assistance for Cornwall, Merseyside, South-Yorkshire and West-Wales and the Valleys. Here grants of up to 40 per cent of the project cost will be available. The government has also proposed that Northern Ireland be treated as an exceptional case for assistance. Tier Two assistance for areas most in need of employment creation, investment and regeneration. For these areas a 20 per cent assistance grant will be available. This includes the Highlands and Islands and various areas in England, Wales and Scotland. Rather than designate towns or cities the government has used ward boundaries (which denote voting areas).   Tier Three assistance for Enterprise Grant Areas where assistance will be available to businesses employing up to 250 people. The aim is to encourage the development of small businesses as these are seen as vital for improving employment and prosperity long term. Once the new Assisted Areas have been agreed by the European Commission, they will remain in force from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2006. Transport Links for Suppliers and Distribution.

Plastic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Plastic Surgery Essay Research Paper Outline Plastic Surgery Section Specialties Recruiting and Retention Fund November 6, 2012 Attn: Mr. Eric J. Harris, Q.C. From: Stan Valnicek, MD, Section Head – Plastic Surgery Dear Mr. Harris Thank you for taking the time to review our submission for the SRRF. We have tried to organize it into logical sections representing the issues that we face as a Section. Our argument is based on data from the following sources: 1. Canadian Institute for Health Information http://www.cihi.ca 2. Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report (Latest) 3. Survey of our section membership – October 2012 (83% response rate) i I have included the raw data in the appendix to this submission. We have tried to use the latest available data sets from sources independent to our section in order be fair and accurate in our claims. I am happy to provide all additional documentation and supporting evidence for items in this submission as required. The goal of this submission is to protect the provision of public hospital based plastic surgery services in the province of BC. Recent media attention in the Vancouver Sun has brought light to the long waits our patients face in the public system: http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Operation+Delayed/7494235/story.html Part of the public issue relates to limited hospital resources in the BC public health care system. Barriers to recruitment are primarily driven by availability of OR time and the willingness of Health Authorities to provide the necessary resources for new surgeons. Low remuneration does affect recruitment in areas of the province that are chronically unde rserviced since competitive rural opportunities exist across Canada even when major urban areas are well staffed. Our main issue as a section is retention of surgeons within the public system and this is primarily driven by significant intra and inter-provincial income discrepancies that put us near the bottom of all surgical specialties. Research Paper Outline 0. Definition of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is a misunderstood specialty and it is surprising to us how pervasive the misconceptions are among not just the public but also our colleagues in the medical profession. Media portrayals of cosmetic surgery have led to unfortunate distortions and harmful attitudes, which over the years have had significant negative impact on our profession and particularly on remuneration for public work. Plastic surgery as a specialty grew out of the need to address the management of complex wound healing issues in patients with severe burns, spinal cord injuries, major trauma or defects caused by the extirpation of cancers. This is still the core of our profession today. One hundred years ago skin grafting did not exist and even moderate burns were fatal or led to severe contractures and lifelong disability. Patients who had breasts or parts of their face removed spent their remaining lives disfigured and often shunned. Spinal cord injured patients lived with massive bedsores severely restricting their mobility and independence. Children born with congenital anomalies such as facial clefts were ostracized or worse. Those of us who carry out missions to the third world see the effects on patients and families in regions where plastic surgical care is not readily available. Plastic surgeons have also been pioneers in tissue transplantation, wound healing, nerve regeneration and tissue engineering. Rebuilding form and function has led to the development of entirely new areas such as hand and wrist surgery, facial trauma surgery, craniofacial surgery, microsurgery and skin cancer management. In the province of BC our plastic surgery section provides the majority of care in the following areas: Disease and injury to hand and wrist Disease and injury to the face Burns Congenital defects of the upper extremity or face Reconstruction for defects from cancer ablation Pressure sores in spinal cord injured or systemically ill patients Complex wounds Severe infections including necrotizing fasciitis Primary cancers of skin and soft tissue Microsurgical reattachment of amputated limbs or body parts (scalp, ear etc.) Microsurgical transplantation of tissue Gender reassignment surgery We are also the 3rd or 4th busiest surgical service (out of 10) in terms of emergency surgery due to our coverage of the majority of hand, wrist and facial injuries. ii Research Paper Outline I. Recruitment and Retention A: Demographics iii Prior to presenting our data, I would like to clarify some of the underlying demographic variables. We presently recognize a total of 81 BC plastic surgeons (defined as those with Canadian certification through the RCPS(C) or international equivalent) within our Section in BC. Some of these are part-time, semi-retired or in primarily private practice. These serve an estimated 2012 BC population of 4.5 million (Statscan 1). In order to determine â€Å"full time† practitioners, the Medical Services Commission (MSC) defines a cut off for low billings. This changes yearly and is currently set at $82,100 annual MSP billings or less. With this metric our numbers drop to 52 active surgeons for the last year data was available (2010/11)2. Government (MSP) plastic surgery census data differs slightly as they include anyone who â€Å"bills† primarily out of our section of the fee schedule as a â€Å"Plastic Surgeon†. There are about 3-5 of these physicians and may include Orthopedic surgeons with a primary hand surgery practice or temporary locums. For the purposes of this submission, we will use the most current MSP data sets for the following reasons: they are readily available to the BCMA and to each section. the BCMA uses them for their own calculations and allocations any allocated funds rightfully benefit physicians billing out of the plastic surgery section of the fee guide 1 2 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ig-gi/pop-bc-eng.htm Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline B: Plastic Surgery Manpower in BC over past 5 years iv If one looks at the numbers from the MSP dataset for the last six years, our growth as a section seems significant. I have compared us to all other surgical specialties (9 sections) and medical specialties (18 sections). It would appear that the total number of BC plastic surgeons grew rapidly for 3 years with a leveling off in the last two. 3 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 20% Plastic Surgery Anaesthesia 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties Chart 1: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at total physician numbers per category 3 Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline v When one applies the semi-retired/part-time payment cutoff (set by MSP) to determine the trend in â€Å"full time† plastic surgeons, the numbers change dramatically. Here the data shows that despite an increase in anesthetists, medical specialists and other surgical specialties overall, the number of full time BC plastic surgeons has dropped in the last 6 years. 20% Plastic Surgery 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Anaesthesia 15% 10% 5% 0% Chart 2: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at full time physician numbers per category -10% -5% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties The MSP billing data shows that despite a 17% increase in the number of plastic surgeons in the province over 6 years, the number who bill over a minimum cut-off and would be considered full time has dropped 7%. This trend is in stark contrast to the growth of other specialty groups in BC. The population of BC from the 2006 to the 2011 census grew from 4.1 million to 4.4 million for a 9% increase. Another way of looking at the data shows that in 2005/06 only 19% of BC plastic surgeons were billing under the $82,100 cutoff while in 2010/11 the proportion had grown to 35%. The impact of this on public access to plastic surgical care is enormous. Research Paper Outline C) Manpower issues related to recruitment and retirement vi Our UBC Medical School has a training program for plastic surgeons. We traditionally produce 2-3 graduates a year. Given a population of 80 surgeons and a career span of 30-35 years one would anticipate needing 2-3 new surgeons each year in BC. The majority (88%) of UBC graduates stay in the province (based on a review of all graduates since 1971) and this is reflected in the rise in total plastic surgeons in BC over the past 5 years. A recent survey of our BC section membership (86% response rate) shows 55% feel their hospital is understaffed for plastics and a further 8.6% call their situation severely depleted. A full 70% of respondents would like to recruit one or more plastic surgeons to their community in the next 3 years. The top three barriers to recruitment were OR availability, cooperation of the Health Authority and low MSP remuneration compared to other provinces. Only 17% felt that availability of suitable candidates was an issue for recruitment. The important question is this: Why has the number of full time plastic surgeons dropped over the recent 5 year period as shown in Charts 1 and 2 despite growth in all other groups? The answer we believe lays in an accelerating and profound shift in our sections’ manpower and focus from the public system over to the private (cosmetic surgery) sector. D) Private (Cosmetic) Plastic Surgery – Myths and Realities The private or cosmetic practice in plastic surgery has existed since our specialty originated. Many views about private surgery reflect the situation either in the media (movie/television portrayals of cosmetic surgery) or is based on historical behavior (30 years ago private surgery was the domain of those who had â€Å"put their time in† for 25-30 years of active public practice and could now enjoy a more elective pace with less after hours and weekend responsibility.) The private system allowed for more elective daytime work with greater financial rewards and a less hectic pace. The move to a private practice by this group of older surgeons has never impacted the total number of full time surgeons in this province in the past. Something is different in the last 6 years and we are concerned by the changing pattern. It is our position that chronically low plastic surgery remuneration compared to our colleagues is driving our membership into the private system. Unfortunately the perception that we Research Paper Outline can make up for low MSP payments by simply doing private work has allowed MSP fee suppression to continue and driven more people out of the public system faster than ever. vii The BCMA has effectively handicapped the Section of Plastic Surgery over the past 7 years by including a multiplier in their MANDI (Modified Adjusted Net Daily Income) formula that assumes all plastic surgeons receive 30% of their net income from private surgery. This formula is central to any BCMA attempts at correcting intersectional disparity via the â€Å"microallocation† process. Our section feels this assumption is based on inaccurate, incomplete and out of date information and has spent significant time trying to correct the situation. We would be happy to provide more detail on how this has crippled the attempts at fee and income parity for full time MSP plastic surgeons in BC if requested. The psychological and physical toll of being one of the busiest surgical services while remaining at the bottom of the surgical specialist pay scale has come home to roost. A survey of membership done last month online (65 out of 76 responded) shows that: Most plastic surgeons in BC are engaged full time in the public MSP system 51% feel that in the next few years the proportion of their time private work to public will increase The most common cause for this transition is cited as poor MSP remuneration 34.5% feel burned out often or most of the time 33% intend to retire in the next 10 years Only 40% would advise new UBC plastic surgery grads to stay in BC

Can Transparency Make Organizational Responsibility More Effective?

Can Transparency Make Organizational Responsibility More Effective? Why should SystemX be so concerned about the capabilities of SoftGuides data -processing? SystemX should be concerned because SoftGuides data processing system was inadequate to handle new products plan. What competitive advantages to a training and consultancy services company may be provided by an information system? The competitive advantages to a training and consultancy services company are their competency of producing new product. The data processing can be used at any level of with any system. The security of the information that the system can provide. And how well the reliability of the system could give to their customers. Case 2: If these revisions are correct, how is planning to be organized? How should the information system support the planning organization? The planning must be organized continually adjust to the environment. The information system support the planning organization is by support activities to make sure that business strategies are being efficiently employed. The example of an information system could be used to support the planning organization is Enterprise resource planning which could help integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization. Can the information system aid in achieving shared values? Yes, the information system can aid in achieving shared values because as the revisions had said it is the most vital fluid in an enterprise. How might a comprehensive system be used to stifle initiative? To stifle the initiative in a comprehensive system are the renewal and adjustment of the activities of a firm should not come from the different levels in the management hierarchy. Case 3: What can be the drawback of having a formal system as mentioned in point 5? The drawback when having a formal mechanism for review and reiteration of the systems plan is they will missed all informal information flows come from chance meetings, reading magazines or newspapers. All procedure will have to go on with the assigned procedure, which will be a problem to the new MIS executives who are still on experimenting with the strategic planning. Can transparency make organizational responsibility more effective? Transparency can make organizational responsibility more effective because transparency of information and directives in turn allows members of an organization to more fully understand the reason behind the processes and this knowledge is going to have a tendency to encourage higher degrees of participation. In the long run this is of value because it helps a company have an easier transition falling into compliance. Case 4: Try to guess what the consultant said? What the consultant trying to say is there is a problem with the database integrity and the system reliability. Justify the use of technical jargon. Technical Jargon is words that are used by a person in a particular field when they are talking about some aspect of the field they are in and the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. It typically would not be understood by someone not involved with the same profession or group. Case 5: In the light of the system, describe the decisions to be made in the area of strategic planning, managerial control and operational control? What information would you require to make such decisions? Strategic planning strategic planning include the budget for the restaurant, the target market, policy and objectives. It comparing weekly sales and the food cost that enable them to plan tighter cost. This strategic planning will help in forecast in budget, the development of operating plan profit and human resource Managerial control The managerial control will get customer feedback and responsible to customer satisfaction. From that, managerial control makes decision related to customer at the restaurant. Operational control operational control will make decision on transaction processing in the restaurant. That includes takes order, tracking order, control of machine, and pay back compensation. Information needed to make such decisions above is strategic information that already compiled such as budget information, profit and capital information. Information of operational also needed like daily sales and billing in order to make the decision especially at the operational control. The information required to make these decisions can be strategic, tactical or operational information. What would make the system a more complete MIS rather than just doing transaction processing? Rather than just doing transaction processing, the system can be improves to complete Management Information System by providing all information on any level in the company such as executive information system that can support and give information in order to make decision, it can also give an easy access to external and internal information that can meet the strategic goals of the organization. DSS can be including making a complete MIS since it can help to make a better decision for the company. There is also another thing that could help them improving their system to a complete MIS which is speed up their problem solving where the time can be reduced efficiently, promoting training to staff to give them knowledge and discover new approach. Explain the probable effects that making the system more formal would have on the customers and the management. By making the system more formal, the probable effects is going to impact on the organization which can be more efficiently exchange information among its functional areas, business units, suppliers, and customers. As the transactions are taking place every day, the system stores all the data which can be used later on when the restaurant is in need of some financial help from financial institutes or banks. As the inventory is always entered into the system, any frauds can be easily taken care of and if anything goes missing then it can be detected through the system. The customers may realize the system will be more satisfying than before an gained more advantages from the system. Case 6: What security loopholes come to the fore in the situation described? How can these be plugged? The loopholes in the situation mentioned by Utpal are that the security of information is prone to security breach and viruses. It may cause troubles, to prevent it from happening while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users are to struggle finding a budget and let the budget constraint vanished so he can helped the security system more advancing for brighter promising future of the company. Besides that, he could also plug or creates new security architecture in the environment because security architecture can describe how the security controls (security countermeasures) are positioned, and how they relate to the overall information technology architecture. These controls serve the purpose to maintain the systems quality attributes, among the confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability and assurance. What is the importance of a security budget in the context of the given situation? Case 7: What are the business benefits of the web portal? Make a critical assessment. What is the importance of content management for enterprise web portals? c. Can a small business develop and maintain such a portal? Case 8: a. In the context of the given case, what managerial issues need to be addressed by Alfred? Why is it important for managers to be tech savvy? b. What is the importance of a systems consultant to an organization? What skills should he/she possess? Case 9: What are the business benefits and limitations of Rick Dalzells strategies? Why are business houses finding it difficult to keep costs down in spite of the fact that technology is getting cheaper? Case 10: a. What systems would you propose that would serve the companys needs? b. Considering that the company already has CBIS installed, will you contemplate complete overhaul of the systems or add functionalities of the existing systems? Justify your line of action. c. Justify the requirement of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) in the context of the given caselet. Case 11: a. How has technology helped companies like Rosenbluth deliver customized services? b. Is it possible for small companies to adopt technology similar to Rosenbluths? Why or why not? Justify. c. What is the significance of Rosenbluths statement? Give your viewpoint. Case 12: Is it justified to say that digital systems are unreliable and carries enormous risks? b. What countermeasures should be put in place to minimize damages due to failure of digital systems? Give your answer for each of the above three situations.

Computer Animator :: essays research papers

Computer Animators   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animation as an art form has been around for almost one hundred years. From the earliest days of hand drawn cels, individual pictures strung together, to the complex rendering of 3-D virtual worlds, animation packs peoples' lives. Do you wonder how the computer-animated movies are made or want to become a computer animator? Computer Animation is a fast growing field. There are many different areas to of animation, computer animation is what this paper is about, history of animation and how it came to be and how to get there and what computer animators do for their job is what is in this paper. Animation was first developed in 1906 by Stuart Blackton, a young English-born adventurer. His first short film, â€Å"Humorous Phases of Funny Faces†, was a sensation with audiences. Blackton’s illusion was created by a very simple method, comical faces were drawn on a blackboard, then erased. The camera was stopped after each face was photographed. The 'stop-motion' provided a startling effect as the facial expressions changed before the audience's eyes. A major breakthrough for animation came in 1915, when J. R. Bray was granted patents for his use of glassine paper. Bray created a two-dimensional look with his animation by drawing on a clear plastic sheet and then placing it over a pre-drawn background. Max Fleischer's rotoscope consisted of a drawing board, fitted with a piece of frosted glass, and a motion picture projector mounted underneath which magnified a single frame of motion picture film onto the glass. When the figure on one frame had been traced onto translucent paper, a crank advanced the film to the next frame. People who choose a career path as a professional animator work in a challenging, fast-paced, and rewarding field. The resurgence in popularity of animation has re-opened countless opportunities for highly creative individuals, with computer skills. The latest need for computer animators is created by the expansion of the World Wide Web. Businesses of all types are hiring web developers to design web pages to promote their products and services to prospective customers who are accessing the Internet. Web developers and animators, use animated gifs, an image that appears to be alive, to display their talents in the hope of crossing the bridge to a full time position in animation. The better the gif the brighter the future! This is a highly competitive career choice and individuals most often find themselves starting out at the bottom.

McDonaldization Essay -- essays research papers

George Ritzer describes McDonaldization as â€Å"the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world†. McDonaldization is the idea that our society is becoming more efficient and more fast paced. Rational systems can be defined as â€Å"unreasonable, dehumanizing systems that deny the humanity, the human reason, of the people who work within them or are served by them†.1 Today there are many types of businesses that are increasingly adapting the same values and principles of the fast-food industry to their needs. Rational systems are dehumanizing our society and seem to be even more irrational than convenient. â€Å"Almost every aspect of today’s society has been affected by McDonaldization including the restaurant business, education, work, healthcare, travel, leisure, dieting, politics and the family†. McDonaldization is turning our society into one which is built upon convenience and gaining the most for our money in the fastest way possible. The significant success of McDonalds, and of McDonaldization as a whole, is due to four basic elements- efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.(Ritzer, p.12) The first dimension of McDonaldization is efficiency. Efficiency means choosing the optimum means to a given end. Efficiency does have its advantages for both consumers, who get what they want quickly and with little effort, and for workers, who can perform their tasks...

racismhf Prejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn- Racist Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn depicts how he is a racist. He shows it in many ways in which his characters act. All of the people in the towns are slave owners, and treat black slaves with disrespect. In the time period of the novel slavery was not legal, but racism was. Many scenes in his novel make slaves look like fools. Mark Twain does this purposely to make colored people look and sound like fools, because he is a racist person. Before even getting to chapter, one Mark Twain puts a notice on the book. "Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot" (Twain, 2). Twain uses this to show people how he is as a person. If you go against him, you may be prosecuted, banished or even shot. This most likely is because he was a racist and needed power. If slaves were to go against him, they will lose. Mark Twain uses these words to build himself up, and make himself sound like a more powerful person. Mark Twain uses characters that are very similar to him as a person. Huck's father, Pap, is a person like Twain. Pap is a drunken man that is very temperamental. He tells Huck of all the things that Pap feels is nonsense. Pap is always trying to be a powerful figure in Huck's life. Mark Twain probably uses Pap in the book to show readers that he is the same type of person. Twain uses this book to show that he is racist person, and used Pap to show that he is a power thirsty person as well. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book that was made to degrade the black population of America. Jim, a runaway slave, meets up with Huck after he runs away from Pap. When Jim and Huck see each other, Jim drops to his knees pleading Huck not to turn him in, or hurt him. Mark Twain does this to show that when a black slave and a white person meet the slave should drop to their knees before the white person.

IT Ethics and Security Essay

Piracy has always been a concern with technology over the years. Organizations strive hard to analyze the requirement of the hour of computer users and then develop software that can fully ease the problems of a user. The organizations that develop software obviously need to have a return for their attempt. The software developers’ job is a tough one, because they put off their sleep in order to maintain a tempo in the development of software and organizations often find it difficult to meet the exact requirements on ordered software, due to which several revisions are done on the software before it gets into a final product. The software development market is generally divided into two categories, Open Source software and Close Source software. The Open Source software is the one that are free to use, and the organizations or individual developers who develop this software encourage its distribution, usage and at times modifications according to the requirement of the user. The Source code, which has all the development procedures are provided to the user in this category, therefore the modifications become easy when the software gets into the hand of another developer. (Frederick, 2007) These are great for learning purpose and often are used by immature developers to get help in development. The Close Source software are contrastingly different, the users need to buy these software just like any product in the market and often these kind of software get customer support and trainings â€Å"how to†, so that the user gets full value for his money. The close source software is ones, that are stable and they go through different processes before its final launch. The organization that develop these software often register them with their name so that copyrights and license usage law is applied on them. The licensure law ensures the organization that the software bought but a person will be used according to organization’s specified conditions. (Albacea, 2005) In this particular case where the friend is offering to split the cost is a violation of licensure law. Microsoft is a large enterprise and it develops close source software that are copyrighted and licensed according to their terms and conditions. When my friend bought Microsoft Office, in the product pack he had been provided the terms for use of the product, which states that sharing of the product is a violation to the licensure law. Ethically this is very wrong because Microsoft develops the software after several procedures and analyzing the market conditions, and the price $300 for the office suite the charged is based upon cost analysis of one person. The sharing of one-user license is almost equal to as stealing of a product; because the organization is charging for once only from the user but at the same price another user using the same product free of cost. There have been several discussions conducted in small to large enterprises that develop software about piracy and violation of usage licensure. However many steps have been taken to minimize the violation and organizations also offer some package deals where multiple licenses are discounted which saves a lot of cost of user. This ethical violation of licensure law has been minimized to some extend now due to efforts but it also depends upon the inner self of a person to realize the attempt that an organization does in order to develop the software and stealing the software reduced their return which is an ethical issue.

Play “Romeo and Juliet” Essay

Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare about two teenage lovers whose untimely deaths ultimately unite their families together. In this play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Lord and Lady Capulet were seen to be great parents to an extent. Juliet is there one and only daughter at fourteen years old, she was nursed by their nurse from the begging of her life. She knew all about Juliet and knew more than her parents and she was closer and understanding than then. Therefore Juliet called her mother Lady Capulet as in 3rd person and how others would call her instead of mother – that shows the relationship between them. Lord and Lady Capulet were rich enough to rent people to care for Juliet and in fact the nurse was to nurse her until she left to her husband’s house. Juliet was chosen to marry Paris who was from a rich and cared family. Lord and Lady Capulet thought it was great for their daughter to marry to a pleasant man. Juliet was only 14 years old but it was usual at Shakespeare time to get married at such age. Her mother got married earlier she was desperate to finish it quickly. â€Å"Well think of marriage now. Younger than you, Here in Verona, ladies of esteem are made already ladys. By my count i was your lady much upon these years that you are now a maid.† At Shakespeare’s time women were not allowed to act at stages as there were thought to inferior to men. So men were used to act out the play dress as women most or all of the time. Men usually played the scenes of women acts. They even dressed up as them to make it more understanding and easier to navigate. In Act 1 Lord and Lady Capulet are concerned for Juliet’s welfare. They decide to get her married and sent her off. Lord Capulet â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world, she hath not seen the change of fourteen years: Let two more summers wither in their pride Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride.† When Juliet sees Romeo she instead loves him. Romeo too at first sight of Juliet falls in love, as they look at each other Romeo â€Å"O then, dear saint, let lip do what hand do: They pray grant thou, lest faith turn to despair† and Juliet â€Å"Then have my lips, the sin that they have took† This shows the love between them at fight sight. But on the other hand Lord Capulet arranges a marriage as he finds out about Romeo and Juliet. He might purposely arrange the marriage to stop Juliet from loving Romeo or anything else from happing. On the line before Juliet meets Lord and Lady Caplet, Juliet on her first time goes and kisses Romeo on the elevators. This was on the â€Å"Ball Scene†. Over there she does what any women at that time wouldn’t have done. She kisses a man she has barely known for less than 10 minutes and wishes to marry him. Juliet therefore was irresponsible, unmannered and overwhelmed Romeo. She says â€Å"Then have lips the sin that they have took† and Romeo â€Å"Sins from my lips? O trespass sweetly urg’d. Give me my sin again. After a while in Act 3 Lord and lady Capulet changes into more an aggressive parent. They also decide to arrange the marriage that same weekend as more than half a dozen are in the city following the death of Tybalt have visited and are already in the town. Therefore more will be there to witness the wedding of Juliet. And also to bring some happiness into the Capulet family after the sad death of Tybalt. This quote from Capulet show how fast of a decision it was â€Å"A’Thursday, let it be – a’Thursday, tell her, She be married to this noble earl. It was a quick decision. On Act 4 Juliet has a change of mind. She pretends to marry Paris it makes Lord and Lady Caplet believe that she is listening to them and agrees. But really she does it to make it easier for her. She was forced to make this decision as her parents were rude and scary. â€Å"Well, we may chances to do good on her. A peevish self-will’d harlotry it is† shows how horrible they are if she does do as they say.

Behaviour Problems That Should Be Referred to Others and to Whom These Should Be Referred

Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools – OCR Level 2 Certificate Assignment – Unit 4: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Task A – Promoting equality and diversity Complete answers to the following. 1. Identify current legislation and codes of practice relevant to promoting equality, diversity and inclusion when working with children and young people (Ref. 1. 1) 2. Describe why it is important to support the rights of all children and young people to: a)Participation: b)equality of access (Ref 1. 2) 3.Why is it important to value and promote cultural diversity and what are the benefits of doing so? (Ref. 1. 3) Assignment – Unit 4: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Task B – The impact of prejudice and discrimination Give three examples of children or young people who may be affected by prejudice and discrimination and say how you might deal with this in your role as a su pport assistant in your workplace. (Ref 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3, 2. 4, 2. 5) Assignment – Unit 4: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Task C – Inclusion 1.Explain what inclusion means and give at least two examples of inclusive practices in your workplace. (Ref 3. 1, 3. 2) 2. How is inclusion promoted through the education system? (Ref. 3. 3) Assignment – Unit 204: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people I confirm that this assessment has been completed to the required standard and meets the requirements for validity, currency, authenticity and sufficiency. Tutor/assessor’s signature: Date: I confirm that the assignment work to which this result relates, is all my own work. Candidate signature: Date: Internal verifier signature: Date:

Interpersonal conflict in the movie “Hitch Essay

Conflict between people is a part of life and it is not necessarily a bad thing. I believe a relationship with frequent conflict may be healthier than one that seems to completely perfect or does not have any observable conflict. Conflicts can occur at many different levels of interaction, work, among friends, family members, and intimate relationships. When conflict occurs a relationship can be weakened or strengthened depending on the conflict and its resolution. Thus, conflict is a very critical event in the course of any relationship. Conflict can cause resentment, hostility, and perhaps end a relationship if it is handled poorly. However, conflict can be productive, lead to deeper understanding, mutual respect and closeness if it is handled well. I believe that the determination of whether a relationship is healthy or unhealthy does not depend on the number of conflicts between people, but on how the conflicts are handled and resolved. In the movie Hitch (Mordaunt & Tadross, 2005) I noticed the interpersonal conflict of lack of communication between the character Alex (Hitch) and Sara. In the movie they started to date and really got to like each other however, they both failed to disclose some very personal and important facts about one another. The most important thing in a healthy relationship is good communication and self –disclosure which both parties failed to do effectively. Both parties were dodging around the true aspects of their jobs. However, they were both very cautious about what they told each other and this eventually created a big problem in their relationship. The conflict actually started when a friend of Sara’s fills like she was dumped by her boyfriend due to the advice of a date specialist known as the â€Å"Date Doctor†. Sara later finds out that the man that she has a relationship with (Hitch) is the â€Å"date doctor†. Sara confronts Hitch and ask him if he is  indeed the â€Å"date doctor† he confirms that he is and tries to explain to her what he does. She refuses to listen and the fight begins. When she calms down and tries to talk to him he blows her off and refuses to listen. Finally, in the end they work things out. I believe that if Sara had been more open and really disclosed what she was trying to do they could have avoided the conflict that happened between them. Hitch could have been more open about what his job really consisted of and this may have given her more understanding on what he tries to do for people. The conflict may have been avoided if after Sara found out that he was the â€Å"date doctor† she had given time to explain and may have been reassured he was not trying to hurt people but make love connections. Instead they both chose to be stubborn and not communicate with other causing a lot of hurt and misunderstanding in their relationship. It is our interest to maintain relationships that are smooth, flexible, and mutually enhancing. The problem occurs when we fail to use cooperative approaches in our dealings with others. People do not create conflict intentionally. It sometimes happens because we are not aware of how our own behavior contributes to interpersonal problems. Sometimes we feel so exasperated that we focus on our own needs at expense of others. Then we find ourselves in conflict within our relationships. To prevent conflict from happening it is important to identify the ways in which we contribute to the disagreement and work on how you say things. Have a discussion (listen) to understand both sides of the problem and try to resolve it. In a relationship a person should be ready, willing and able to communicate their inner thoughts and feelings to one another. Communication is a key role in any healthy relationship, whether it is platonic, or intimate. RESOURCES www.livestrong.com/article/157478 www.drbalternatives.com/articles/cc2.html Mordaunt, W. Tadross, M. (Executive Producers), & Tennant, A. (Director). (2005). Hitch [Film]. Los Angeles: Sony Pictures

Campaign Advertising Essay -- Advertising

(Local monthly glossy magazine): This magazine targets 31% of the local population making it an ideal media outlet for a local event like the Fitness-Challenge kick off. Since the Fitness Challenge focuses on eliminating childhood obesity, parents will be the main target audience. According to the U.S. census bureau 32% of American families with a child under the age of 12 have a stay at home mother. Only 3% of American families with an elementary age child have a stay at home dad. Taking these statistics into account our campaign will cater towards behaviors and needs of the â€Å"stay at home mom†. Out of the local population that reads â€Å"Our community†, 70 percent are women ages 31-60 years old. This age range and gender covers our target audience therefore making advertisements through this media outlet very effective. A half page ad would cost the campaign 4,000 dollars, a small price for so much exposure. Since the magazine only prints every month, readers tend to flip through the pages mul tiple times, maximizing frequency. $4000 KABC (NBC affiliate) With 40 percent of the local population as regular viewers, advertisements on this program will significantly increase awareness of the Fitness Challenge. Women ages 35-55 represent an astounding 72 percent of viewers. Awareness of the challenge requires introduction of the event concept and benefits. Running at least 30 non-primetime ads two months before the Challenge will familiarize the target audience with the event without bombarding them with information. Thirty prime-time ads will run the month before the event to maximize advertising exposure of the Fitness Challenge Kick off. Cost: Non-primetime-$3750\ Prime-time- $9000 WPTG (urban ra... ... middle of paper ... ...as targeted stay at home moms, dads also hold decision power when it comes to their children’s health. Billboards displaying advertisements for the Fitness Challenge kick off, offer an enormous amount of exposure for the event. Boards strategically placed a long high traffic roadways catch the eyes of interested fathers on their way home from the workplace. Most working individuals drive the same route to and from work meaning that they encounter the same billboard messages twice daily. Therefore the frequency that one individual encounters the ad on a daily basis must equal or surpass two. Multiply this by 2 months and the number of impressions falls well over 100. Cost: 2 months- $ 5000 Total Cost: $31,205 Even after creating a campaign media plan that encompasses multiplatform advertising our budget of $50,000 remains $18795 higher than required funds.